Objective — to evaluate the cognitive changes in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease after the treatment with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors — neuromidin and galantamine. Material and methods. Fifty-eight patients with probable Alzheimer’s disease, aged 60—84 years (mean 73.2±6.7), were enrolled in a 20-week double-blind parallel group study. All patients were randomized in 2 groups: group 1 (n=28) received neuromidin, group 2 (n=30) — galantamine. Treatment efficacy was evaluated with the ADAS-cog/11 scale. Results. Both drugs significantly improved or stabilized cognitive function in the patients. The most marked changes were obtained in the group of patients treated with neuromidin (р<0.05). Conclusion. The results suggest that the effectiveness of anticholinesterase treatment of Alzheimer’s disease could be determined not only by the central but also peripheral cholinergic action.