We studied 215 patients with schizophrenia discharged from a psychiatric hospital. Every 5th patient reported missing the treatment with psychotropic drugs for one week or longer during 3 months after the discharge. Respectively, two groups of patients were singled out: non-compliant (42 people, 19,8%) and compliant (173, 80,2%). The logistic regression analysis revealed three independent variables correlated with the non-compliancy: past abuse of psychoactive drugs, past non-adherence to treatment regime and family refusal to be involved in control of treatment, with the risk estimated for each factor as 4,6 (95% CI 1,7-12,0); 4,1 (95% CI 1,3-12,2) and 3,4 (95% CI 1,1-10,3), respectively. The low level of optimism was significantly associated with non-compliance (OR=1,5; 95% CI 1,1-2,0). These results may promote the timely identification of at-risk patients after their discharge from hospital that will allow timely correction of pharmacological and targeted psychosocial assistance to this group of patients augmenting their motivation to continue the treatment.