The site of the Media Sphera Publishers contains materials intended solely for healthcare professionals.
By closing this message, you confirm that you are a certified medical professional or a student of a medical educational institution.

Login
EN
+7 (495) 482-4118
+7 (495) 482-4329
+8 800 250-18-12
  • (toll-free number for subscriptions)
    Mon-Fri from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.

  • © 1998-2025
+7 (495) 482-43-29
EN
All journals
Journal
Year
Year
Search result: 0

V.H.A.Suaifan

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)

Eremeeva K.V.

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University

Svistushkin V.M.

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University

Rusetsky Yu.Yu.

National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health;
Central State Medical Academy of the Department of Presidential Affairs of the Russian Federation

Morozova O.A.

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)

Chernova O.V.

National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health

Microbiome of the external auditory canal and preoperative preparation of patients in otosurgery (literature review)

Authors:

V.H.A.Suaifan, Eremeeva K.V., Svistushkin V.M., Rusetsky Yu.Yu., Morozova O.A., Chernova O.V.

More about the authors

Journal: Russian Bulletin of Otorhinolaryngology. 2022;87(6): 47‑54

DOI: 10.17116/otorino20228706147

Read: 3420 times

Download PDF (RU)
Contact the author
Table of contents

MICROBIOME OF THE EXTERNAL AUDITORY CANAL AND PREOPERATIVE PREPARATION OF PATIENTS IN OTOSURGERY (LITERATURE REVIEW)
MICROBIOME OF THE EXTERNAL AUDITORY CANAL AND PREOPERATIVE PREPARATION OF PATIENTS IN OTOSURGERY (LITERATURE REVIEW)

To cite this article:

VHASuaifan, Eremeeva KV, Svistushkin VM, Rusetsky YuYu, Morozova OA, Chernova OV. Microbiome of the external auditory canal and preoperative preparation of patients in otosurgery (literature review). Russian Bulletin of Otorhinolaryngology. 2022;87(6):47‑54. (In Russ.)
https://doi.org/10.17116/otorino20228706147

Подписка 2026 Вестник оториноларингологии (Russian Bulletin of Otorhinolaryngology)
МСФ на ЯМ
Использование инфографики авторами научных работ
Close metadata
Recommended articles:
Keloid scar as a complication after cana­loplasty for congenital atre­sia of the exte­rnal audi­tory canal. A clinical case. Russian Bulletin of Otorhinolaryngology. 2025;(3):79-83
Gut microbiota: role in human health and pote­ntial for personalized medi­cine. Russian Journal of Evidence-Based Gastroenterology. 2024;(4):81-88
Nutrition correction in the complex therapy and reha­bilitation of the posttraumatic stress diso­rder. Russian Journal of Preventive Medi­cine. 2025;(2):114-119
Factors supporting chro­nic inflammation in mental illness. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2025;(8):7-15
Comparative characteristics of communities of microorganisms in the surface waters of bays in the coastal waters of the Sea of Japan expo­sed to anthropogenic impact. Mole­cular Gene­tics, Microbiology and Viro­logy. 2025;(3):36-46
Abstract:

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the effectiveness of methods of antiseptic and hygienic preoperative preparation of the operating field in otosurgery.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

A review and an expert assessment of the corresponding research objectives of scientific publications contained in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases have been carried out.

RESULTS

Various studies indicate a lower ototoxicity of 5-10% of the drug povidone-iodine compared to others. Drugs, such as Miramistin, Okomistin, Dioxidine, are actively used in otiatrics in Russia, but no data on their ototoxicity have been noted. The collected data point to the relevance and prospects of studying the microbiome of the external auditory canal, assessing its effect on the course of the postoperative period, depending on various methods of preparation (antiseptic, removal of earwax and hair depilation) of the surgical field for otosurgery.

Keywords:

antiseptic
microbiome
earwax
depilation
external auditory canal

Authors:

V.H.A.Suaifan

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)

Eremeeva K.V.

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University

Svistushkin V.M.

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University

Rusetsky Yu.Yu.

National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health;
Central State Medical Academy of the Department of Presidential Affairs of the Russian Federation

Morozova O.A.

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)

Chernova O.V.

National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health

Received:

20.06.2021

Accepted:

12.07.2021

Close metadata

References:

  1. Gostishchev VK. Obshchaya khirurgiya. M.: GEOTAR-Media; 2015. (In Russ.).
  2. Petrov SV. Obshchaya khirurgiya. M.: GEOTAR-Media; 2010. (In Russ.).
  3. Mangram AJ, Horan TC, Pearson ML, Silver LC, Jarvis WR. Guideline for Prevention of Surgical Site Infection, 1999. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology. 1999;20(4):247-280.  https://doi.org/10.1086/501620
  4. World Health Organization. Global guidelines for the prevention of surgical site infection. Geneva: World Health Organization Press; 2016.
  5. Stroman DW, Roland PS, Dohar J, Burt W. Microbiology of normal external auditory canal. Laryngoscope. 2001;111(11 Pt 1):2054-2059. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005537-200111000-00035
  6. Westerberg BD, Kozak FK, Thomas EE, Blondel-Hill E, Brunstein JD, Patrick DM. Is the healthy middle ear a normally sterile site? Otology and Neurotology. 2009;30(2):174-177.  https://doi.org/10.1097/MAO.0b013e31819225a0
  7. Minami SB, Mutai H, Suzuki T, Horii A, Oishi N, Wasano K, Katsura M, Tanaka F, Takiguchi T, Fujii M, Kaga K. Microbiomes of the normal middle ear and ears with chronic otitis media. Laryngoscope. 2017;127(10):371-377.  https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.26579
  8. Jervis-Bardy J, Leong LEX, Papanicolas LE, Ivey KL, Chawla S, Woods CM, Frauenfelder C, Ooi EH, Rogers GB. Examining the Evidence for an Adult Healthy Middle Ear Microbiome. mSphere. 2019;4(5):e00456-004519. https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00456-19
  9. Frank DN, Spiegelman GB, Davis W, Wagner E, Lyons E, Pace NR. Culture-independent molecular analysis of microbial constituents of the healthy human outer ear. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 2003;41(1):295-303.  https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.41.1.295-303.2003
  10. Keane EM, Wilson H, McGrane D, Coakley D, Walsh JB. Use of solvents to disperse ear wax. British Journal of Clinical Practice. 1995;49(2):71-72. 
  11. Zivic RC, King S. Cerumen-impaction management for clients of all ages. The Nurse Practitioner. 1993;18(3):29-39.  https://doi.org/10.1097/00006205-199303000-00011
  12. Jackson CG. Principles of temporal bone and skull base surgery. In: Glasscock ME, Gulya AJ, eds. Glasscock-Shambaugh Surgery of the Ear. 5th ed. Hamilton (OT): BC Decker Inc; 2003:263-288. 
  13. Fayad JN, Hoskins BS, Benecke EJ Jr. Otologic instrumentation. In: Brackmann DE, Shelton C, Arriaga MA, eds. Otologic Surgery. 3rd ed. Philadelphia (PA): Saunders; 2010.
  14. Surinov AE. Rossijskij statisticheskij ezhegodnik. 2018: Statisticheskij sbornik. M.: Rosstat; 2018. (In Russ.).
  15. Bicknell PG. Sensorineural deafness following myringoplasty operations. The Journal of Laryngology and Otology. 1971;85(9):957-961.  https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100074272
  16. Aursnes J. Ototoxic effect of iodine disinfectants. Acta Otolaryngologica. 1982;93(1-6):219-226.  https://doi.org/10.3109/00016488209130875
  17. Ichibangase T, Yamano T, Miyagi M, Nakagawa T, Morizono T. Ototoxicity of Povidone-Iodine applied to the middle ear cavity of guinea pigs. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. 2011;75(9):1078-1081. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2011.05.013
  18. Ozkiriş M, Kapusuz Z, Saydam L. Ototoxicity of different concentrations povidone-iodine solution applied to the middle ear cavity of rats. Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 2013;65(2):168-172.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s12070-012-0615-5
  19. Morizono T, Sikora MA. The ototoxicity of topically applied povidone-iodine preparations. Archives of Otolaryngology. 1982;108(4): 210-213.  https://doi.org/10.1001/archotol.1982.00790520010004
  20. Morizono T, Sikora MA. Compound action potential input-output decruitment. Effect of topically applied antiseptics. Archives of Otolaryngology. 1983;109(10):677-681.  https://doi.org/10.1001/archotol.1983.00800240043008
  21. Perez R, Freeman S, Cohen D, Sichel JY, Sohmer H. The effect of hydrogen peroxide applied to the middle ear on inner ear function. Laryngoscope. 2003;113(11):2042-2046. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005537-200311000-00035
  22. Nader ME, Kourelis M, Daniel SJ. Hydrogen peroxide ototoxicity in unblocking ventilation tubes: A chinchilla pilot study. Otolaryngology —— Head and Neck Surgery. 2007;136(2):216-220.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2006.10.038
  23. Igarashi Y, Suzuki J. Cochlear ototoxicity of chlorhexidine gluconate in cats. Archives of Otolaryngology. 1985;242(2):167-176.  https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00454417
  24. Morizono T, Sikora MA. Ototoxicity of ethanol in the tympanic cleft in animals. Acta Otolaryngologica. 1981;92(1-2):33-40.  https://doi.org/10.3109/00016488109133235
  25. Perez R, Freeman S, Sohmer H, Sichel JY. Vestibular and cochlear ototoxicity of topical antiseptics assessed by evoked potentials. Laryngoscope. 2000;110(9):1522-1527. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005537-200009000-00021
  26. Arslan IB, Genc S, Kayhan BC, Gumussoy M, Ozel G, Cukurova I. Bacterial change in external auditory canal upon antisepsis with povidone-iodine during tympanoplasty. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. 2015;272(3):551-555.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-013-2864-7
  27. Agafonova MN, Kazakova RR, Lubina AP, Zeldi MI, Nikitina EV, Balakin KV, Shtyrlin YG. Antibacterial activity profile of miramistin in in vitro and in vivo models. Microbial Pathogenesis. 2020;142:104072. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104072
  28. Danilova TA, Danilina GA, Adzhieva AA, Minko AG, Nikolaeva TN, Zhukhovitskiy VG, Pronin AV. The effect of miramistin and fosprenil on microbial biofilms. Byulleten’ eksperimental’noj biologii i meditsiny. 2017;163(4):435-439. (In Russ.).
  29. Vasilyeva TV, Raskidaylo AS, Arutcheva AA. Antibacterial activity and clinical efficacy of the new antiseptic drug miramistin. Antibiotiki i khimioterapiya. 1993;38(8-9):61-63. (In Russ.).
  30. Shlyaga ID, Red’ko DD, Yadchenko ES. Principles of treatment of mycoses in otorhinolaryngology. Meditsinskij zhurnal. 2014;(1): 49-53. (In Russ.).
  31. Osmanov A, Wise A, Denning DW. In vitro and in vivo efficacy of miramistin against drug-resistant fungi. Journal of Medical Microbiology. 2019;68(7):1047-1052. https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001007
  32. Agafonov AP, Skarnovich MO, Petrishchenko VA. In vitro study of the antiviral properties of Miramistin against measles and mumps viruses. Antibiotiki i khimioterapiya. 2005;50(5-6):17-19. (In Russ.).
  33. Krivorutchenko YuL, Krivoshein YuS, Marennikova SS, Stepanova LG, Nosik DN, Kalnina LB, Rudko AP. Investigation of the anti-HIV activity of miramistin. Voprosy virusologii. 1994;39(6):267-269. (In Russ.).
  34. Blatun LA. Local medical treatment of wounds. Khirurgiya. Zhurnal im. N.I. Pirogova. 2011;(4):51-59. (In Russ.).
  35. Kirichenko IM. The use of the drug Miramistin in infectious pathology in gynecology. Poliklinika. 2013;(6):98-100. (In Russ.).
  36. Rud’ko AP, Krivoshein YuS. Glaznoj antiseptik. 2001. (In Russ.).
  37. Materialy 17-go Vserossiyskogo stomatologicheskogo foruma i vystavki-yarmarki «Dental-revyu 2020», 10.02.20—12.02.20, Moskva, Rossiya. Rossijskaya stomatologiya. 2020;13(3):21-67. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17116/rosstomat20201303121
  38. Maltseva GS. Justification of the use of antiseptic drugs in the practice of an otorhinolaryngologist. Lechebnoye delo. 2017;(4):16-21. (In Russ.).
  39. Kirichenko IM. Antiseptic drug «Miramistin» for the prevention and treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases. Meditsinskij alfavit. 2012;4(24):60-62. (In Russ.).
  40. Kryukov AI, Garov YeV, Zelenkova VN, Sudarev PA, Antonyan RG. Sposob lazernoj stapedektomii u bol’nykh otosklerozom. Patent RU 2 479 275 C1, opubl. 20.04.2013. (In Russ.).
  41. Goryaeva TN. Treatment of tubootites combined with adenorhinosinusitis and external otitis media. Rossijskaya rinologiya. 2009;17(2):135-135. (In Russ.).
  42. Garov EV. Chronic purulent otitis media: terminology, diagnosis and therapeutic tactics. RMZh. 2011;19(6):390-393. (In Russ.).
  43. Pozdnyakova VV, Maychuk YuF. Ocomistin eye drops in the treatment of infectious conjunctivitis of various etiologies. Oftal’mologicheskie vedomosti. 2012;5(2):67-71. (In Russ.).
  44. Dobretsov KP. Topical issues of treatment of chronic purulent otitis media. Sovremennaya meditsina. 2017;3(7):126-128. (In Russ.).
  45. Ovchinnikov AYu, Egiyan SS. The effectiveness of the antimicrobial drug dioxidin in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the outer and middle ear. Vestnik otorinolaringologii. 2016;81(2): 61-66. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17116/otorino201681261-66
  46. Yegiyan SS, Naumova AA. Mestnaya terapiya pri vospalitel’nykh zabolevaniyakh naruzhnogo ukha. Oblastnaya nauchno-prakticheskaya konferentsiya «Perspektivy razvitiya otorinolaringologii v Tyumenskoj oblasti». Tyumen; 2019:40. (In Russ.).
  47. Mazanko MS, Chistyakov VA, Prazdnova EV, Pokudina IO, Churilov MN, Chmykhalo VK, Batyushin MM. Dioxidin induces antibiotic resistance of bacteria. Molekulyarnaya genetika, mikrobiologiya i virusologiya. 2016;34(4):149-154. (In Russ.).
  48. Nikiforova GN, Svistushkin VM, Dedova MG. Possibilities of local therapy of infectious and inflammatory diseases of ENT organs. RMZh. 2015;23(6):346-349. (In Russ.).
  49. Wright T. Ear wax. BMJ Clin Evid. 2015;2015:0504.
  50. Burton MJ, Doree C. Ear drops for the removal of ear wax. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2009;(1):CD004326. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004326.pub2
  51. Hand C, Harvey I. The effectiveness of topical preparations for the treatment of earwax: a systematic review. The British Journal of General Practice. 2004;54(508):862-867. 
  52. Aaron K, Cooper TE, Warner L, Burton MJ. Ear drops for the removal of ear wax. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018;7(7):CD012171. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012171.pub2
  53. Oron Y, Zwecker-Lazar I, Levy D, Kreitler S, Roth Y. Cerumen removal: comparison of cerumenolytic agents and effect on cognition among the elderly. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics. 2011;52(2):228-232.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2010.03.025
  54. Singer AJ, Sauris E, Viccellio AW. Ceruminolytic effects of docusate sodium: A randomized, controlled trial. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2000;36(3):228-232.  https://doi.org/10.1067/mem.2000.109166
  55. Carr MM, Smith RL. Ceruminolytic efficacy in adults versus children. Journal of Otolaryngology. 2001;30(3):154-156.  https://doi.org/10.2310/7070.2001.20001
  56. Lyndon S, Roy P, Grillage MG, Miller AJ. A comparison of the efficacy of two ear drop preparations (‘Audax’ and ‘Earex’) in the softening and removal of impacted ear wax. Current Medical Research and Opinion. 1992;13(1):21-25.  https://doi.org/10.1185/03007999209115218
  57. Dummer DS, Sutherland IA, Murray JA. A single-blind, randomized study to compare the efficacy of two ear drop preparations (‘Audax’ and ‘Cerumol’) in the softening of ear wax. Current Medical Research and Opinion. 1992;13(1):26-30.  https://doi.org/10.1185/03007999209115219
  58. Robbins B. Randomized clinical trial of docusate, triethanolamine polypeptide, and irrigation in cerumen removal in children. The Journal of Pediatrics. 2004;145(1):138-139.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2004.04.043
  59. Vanlierde MJ, Murray JA, Tse E. A Study to look at the efficary of Almond Oil and Cerumol Ear Drops in the removal of ear wax. South African Family Practice. 1991;12(8).
  60. Jaffé G, Grimshaw J. A multicentric clinical trial comparing Otocerol with Cerumol as cerumenolytics. Journal of International Medical Research. 1978;6(3):241-244.  https://doi.org/10.1177/030006057800600312
  61. Papay FA, Levine HL, Schiavone WA. Facial fuzz and funny findings. Facial hair causing otalgia and oropharyngeal pain. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine. 1989;56(3):273-276.  https://doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.56.3.273
  62. Trapp JD. An unusual cause of intractable hiccups: a hair in the external auditory canal. Southern Medical Journal. 1963;56:325-326.  https://doi.org/10.1097/00007611-196303000-00021
  63. Goldman G, Toher L. A hair in the ear canal as a cause of noise. The New England Journal of Medicine. 1982;306(25):1553. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm198206243062518
  64. Bobrov VM. The hair in the external auditory canal is the cause of painful and debilitating ear noise. Vestnik otorinolaringologii. 2013;78(2):71-72. (In Russ.).
  65. Ono I. Therapeutic effect of using a long-pulsed alexandrite laser system with a cooling device for epilation in reconstructive surgery of auricular malformations. Annals of Plastic Surgery. 2002;48(2):115-123.  https://doi.org/10.1097/00000637-200202000-00001
  66. Allegranzi B, Bischoff P, de Jonge S, Kubilay NZ, Zayed B, Gomes SM, Abbas M, Atema JJ, Gans S, van Rijen M, Boermeester MA, Egger M, Kluytmans J, Pittet D, Solomkin JS; WHO Guidelines Development Group. New WHO recommendations on preoperative measures for surgical site infection prevention: an evidence-based global perspective. Lancet. Infectious Diseases. 2016;16(12):e276-e287. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(16)30398-X
  67. Reichman DE, Greenberg JA. Reducing surgical site infections: A review. Reviews in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2009;2(4):212-221. 
  68. Miller JJ, Weber PC, Patel S, Ramey J. Intracranial surgery: to shave or not to shave? Otology and Neurotology. 2001;22(6): 908-911.  https://doi.org/10.1097/00129492-200111000-00033
  69. Lee DH, Yoo S, Shin E, Cho Y. Nonshaved Ear Surgery: Effect of Hair on Surgical Site Infection of the Middle Ear/Mastoid Surgery and Patients’ Preference for the Hair Removal. Journal of Audiology and Otology. 2018;22(3):160-166.  https://doi.org/10.7874/jao.2018.00101
  70. Vestal PW. Preoperative preparation of the skin with a depilatory cream and a detergent. American Journal of Surgery. 1952;83(3):398-402.  https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9610(52)90277-8
  71. Hamilton HW, Hamilton KR, Lone FJ. Preoperative hair removal. Canadian Journal of Surgery. 1977;20(3):269-275. 
  72. Thur de Koos P, McComas B. Shaving versus skin depilatory cream for preoperative skin preparation. A prospective study of wound infection rates. American Journal of Surgery. 1983;145(3):377-378.  https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9610(83)90205-2
  73. Jaffray B, King PM, Macleod DA, Wiseman R. Bacterial colonization of the skin after chemical depilation. Journal of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. 1990;35(4):243-244. 
  74. Powis SJ, Waterworth TA, Arkell DG. Preoperative skin preparation: clinical evaluation of depilatory cream. British Medical Journal. 1976;2(6045):1166-1168. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.6045.1166
  75. Mir MH, Osiname A, Fergie N, Ali S. Hairy canals and hair removal cream. Clinical Otolaryngology. 2008;33(2):183-184.  https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-4486.2008.01636.x
  76. Haque AK, Al-Ghazal S. Burn from hair removal cream — a case report. Burns. 2004;30(8):866-867.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2004.06.013
Contact the author
Email
Message
The publishing house "Media Sphere" does not provide treatment services, does not give recommendations on contacting medical institutions and specific specialists, on the prescription of medicines and dietary supplements.

Email Confirmation

An email was sent to test@gmail.com with a confirmation link. Follow the link from the letter to complete the registration on the site.

Email Confirmation

Contact us
If you have any questions, complaints or suggestions, please use this feedback form.
Email
Message
The publishing house "Media Sphere" does not provide treatment services, does not give recommendations on contacting medical institutions and specific specialists, on the prescription of medicines and dietary supplements.
Submit Application

You can become an author of one of our magazines, send a request and we will consider it in during the day.

Name
Phone
E-mail
Message
Login
Registration
E-mail
Password
Forgot Password?

Log in to the site using your account in one of the services

Password recovery
E-mail
Login
Register

We use cооkies to improve the performance of the site. By staying on our site, you agree to the terms of use of cооkies. To view our Privacy and Cookie Policy, please. click here.