The literature review gives current views on the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. The rising antibiotic resistance of H. pylori in the first decade of the 21st century entailed the decreased efficiency of common eradication therapy (ET) regimens, by determining the higher interest in this problem. The paper summarizes data on the efficiency of current ET regimens in different regions of the world in the past 3 years. The prospects of alternative ET regimens are considered. The existing and promising ways of optimizing the current ET regimens are presented.