The site of the Media Sphera Publishers contains materials intended solely for healthcare professionals.
By closing this message, you confirm that you are a certified medical professional or a student of a medical educational institution.

Login
EN
+7 (495) 482-4118
+7 (495) 482-0604
+8 800 250-18-12
  • (toll-free number for subscriptions)
    Mon-Fri from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.

  • © 1998-2025
+7 (495) 482-43-29
EN
All journals
Journal
Year
Year
Search result: 0

Zaĭtsev A.Iu.

Pervyĭ MGMU im. I.M. Sechenova

Svetlov V.A.

B.V. Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, Moscow, Russia

Dubrovin K.V.

B.V. Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, Moscow, Russia;
Boston Institute of Aesthetic Medicine, Moscow, Russia;
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia

Nazaryan D.N.

Research and Clinical Centre of Otorhinolaryngology, Russian Federal Medico-Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia, 123182

Practical aspects of sedation in dentistry

Authors:

Zaĭtsev A.Iu., Svetlov V.A., Dubrovin K.V., Nazaryan D.N.

More about the authors

Journal: Stomatology. 2019;98(4): 96‑102

DOI: 10.17116/stomat20199804196

Read: 6424 times

Download PDF (RU)
Contact the author
Table of contents

PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF SEDATION IN DENTISTRY
PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF SEDATION IN DENTISTRY

To cite this article:

Zaĭtsev AIu, Svetlov VA, Dubrovin KV, Nazaryan DN. Practical aspects of sedation in dentistry. Stomatology. 2019;98(4):96‑102. (In Russ.)
https://doi.org/10.17116/stomat20199804196

 
Подписка 2026 Стоматология (Stomatology)
 
МСФ на ЯМ
Использование инфографики авторами научных работ
Close metadata
Recommended articles:
Analysis of the mechanical properties of a mate­rial of temporary stru­ctures manu­factured by direct method and provisional crowns made by 3D printing. Stomatology. 2024;(6):20-24
Features of gene­ral anesthesia during dental inte­rventions in children with dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. Stomatology. 2025;(1):63-70
On the issue of choosing anesthesia methods: a comparison of gene­ral medi­cine and clinical dentistry. Stomatology. 2025;(1):76-80
Vita­min D role in oral cavity diseases. Stomatology. 2025;(1):81-86
Arti­ficial Inte­lligence in Dentistry: A Sign of the Times. Stomatology. 2025;(1):87-92
The effect of sevo­flurane and propofol on serum nuclear and mito­chondrial DNA in pediatric patients with craniosynostosis. Russian Journal of Anesthesiology and Reanimatology. 2024;(6):55-62
Asse­ssment of the quality of life of patients after dental surgeries using kine­siotaping and infrared laser therapy. Problems of Balneology, Physiotherapy and Exercise Therapy. 2024;(6-2):110-116
Indi­rect calo­rimetry data in inte­nsive care unit patients on mechanical ventilation under propofol and dexmedetomidine seda­tion. Russian Journal of Anesthesiology and Reanimatology. 2025;(1):51-61
The algo­rithm for clinical and audiological obse­rvation of children born preterm. Russian Bulletin of Otorhinolaryngology. 2025;(1):20-28
Cough diagnosis: from origins to modern times (review of lite­rature). Journal of Respiratory Medi­cine. 2025;(1):38-42
Abstract:

In modern dental practice, the use of sedation to eliminate the fear and anxiety of the patient has become frequent. Unfortunately, according to the legislation, the concept of sedation is inseparable from anesthesia and it can only be performed by an anesthesiologist in a group or Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation. The article is devoted to a detailed comprehensive review of sedation in dental and surgical interventions in the maxillofacial area. It details the physiological and pathophysiological data of stress and psycho-emotional discomfort. The article indicates drugs for sedation, methods of their administration, features of application, possible complications. Such methods of parenteral sedation as intranasal, inhalation, intravenous are described in detail. Specific problems of sedation, for example, psychomotor agitation in the application of propofol or cough in deep sedation are indicated. It describes the modern data on intraoperative monitoring as an important component of patient safety during sedation. In addition to the Harvard standard the use of capnography and monitoring the depth of sedation by using bispectral index (BIS) is recommended.

Keywords:

dentistry
sedation
monitoring
propofol
midazolam
dexmedetomidine

Authors:

Zaĭtsev A.Iu.

Pervyĭ MGMU im. I.M. Sechenova

Svetlov V.A.

B.V. Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, Moscow, Russia

Dubrovin K.V.

B.V. Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, Moscow, Russia;
Boston Institute of Aesthetic Medicine, Moscow, Russia;
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia

Nazaryan D.N.

Research and Clinical Centre of Otorhinolaryngology, Russian Federal Medico-Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia, 123182

Close metadata

References:

  1. Svetlov VA, Zajtsev AYu, Kozlov SP. Psikhoehmotsional’nyj komfort — spetsial’nyj komponent anestezii? Anesthesiology and reanimatology. 2008;5:88-91. (In Russ.)
  2. Svetlov VA, Zajtsev AYu, Kozlov SP. Sbalansirovannaya anesteziya na osnove regionarnykh blokad: strategiya i taktika. Anesthesiology and reanimatology. 2006;4:4-12. (In Russ.)
  3. Chanavaz M, Ferri J, Donazzan M. Intravenous sedation in implantology. Revue de stomatologie et de chirurgie maxillo-faciale. 1997;98(1):57-61.
  4. Reuter NG, Westgate P, Ingram M, Miller C. Death related to dental treatment: a systematic review. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2017;123(2):194-204.e10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oooo.2016.10.015
  5. Lee H, Milgrom P, Starks H, Burke W. Trends in death associated with pediatric dental sedation and general anesthesia. Pediatric Anesthesia. 2013;23(8):741-746. https://doi.org/10.1111/pan.12210
  6. Nkansah P, Haas D, Saso M. Mortality incidence in outpatient anesthesia for dentistry in Ontario. Oral Surg, Oral Med, Oral Pathol, Oral Radio, Endodontology. 1997;83(6):646-651. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1079-2104(97)90312-7
  7. Bunyatyan A, Mizikov V. Anesteziologiya: Natsional’noe rukovodstvo. M.: GEOTAR-Media; 2011. (In Russ.)
  8. Litman R. Levels of Consciousness and Ventilatory Parameters in Young Children During Sedation With Oral Midazolam and Nitrous Oxide. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1996;150(7):671. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.1996.02170320017002
  9. Ada.org.https://www.ada.org/en/~/media/ADA/Education%20and%20Careers/Files/ADA_Sedation_Use_Guidelines. Published 2018. Accessed July 29, 2018.
  10. Treggiari M, Romand J, Yanez N. Randomized trial of light versus deep sedation on mental health after critical illness. Crit Care Med. 2009;37(9):2527-2534. https://doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0b013e3181a5689f
  11. Hinkelbein J, Lamperti M, Akeson J. European Society of Anaesthesiology and European Board of Anaesthesiology guidelines for procedural sedation and analgesia in adults. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2017:1. https://doi.org/10.1097/eja.0000000000000683
  12. Luhmann J, Kennedy R, Porter F, Miller J, Jaffe D. A randomized clinical trial of continuous-flow nitrous oxide and midazolam for sedation of young children during laceration repair. Ann Emerg Med. 2001;37(1):20-27. https://doi.org/10.1067/mem.2001.112003
  13. Powers K. Bispectral Index as a Guide for Titration of Propofol During Procedural Sedation Among Children. Pediatrics. 2005;115(6):1666-1674. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2004-1979
  14. Inverso G, Dodson T, Gonzalez M, Chuang S. Complications of Intravenous Sedation Versus General Anesthesia for Adolescent Patients Receiving Third-Molar Extraction. J Oral Maxillofacial Surg. 2015;73(9):e34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2015.06.056
  15. Bennett J, Kramer K, Bosack R. How safe is deep sedation or general anesthesia while providing dental care? J Am Dental Association. 2015;146(9):705-708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adaj.2015.04.005
  16. O’Halloran M. The use of anaesthetic agents to provide anxiolysis and sedation in dentistry and oral surgery. Australasian Med J. 2013;6(12):713-718. https://doi.org/10.4066/amj.2013.1836
  17. Anthonappa R, Ashley P, Bonetti D, Lombardo G, Riley P. Non-pharmacological interventions for managing dental anxiety in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd012676
  18. Roberts J, Curzon M, Koch G, Martens L. Behaviour Management Techniques in Paediatric Dentistry. Eur Arch Paediatr Dentistry. 2010;11(4):166-174. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03262738
  19. Woolley S, Chadwick B, Pugsley L. The interpersonal work of dental conscious sedation: A qualitative analysis. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2017;45(4):330-336. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdoe.12295
  20. Bradt J, Dileo C, Shim M. Music interventions for preoperative anxiety. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2013. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd006908.pub2
  21. https://www.ada.org/en/~/media/ADA/Member%20Center/FIles/anesthesia_guidelines. Published 2018. Accessed July 2
  22. Rabinovich S, Zoryan E, Dobrodeev A. Monitoriruemaya sedaciya v sochetanii s mestnoj anesteziej v ambulatornoj stomatologicheskoj praktike. Klinicheskaya stomatologiya. 2014;4(72):60-64. (In Russ.)
  23. Rabinovich S. Bezopasnoe obezbolivanie v stomatologii. M.: GEOTAR-Media; 2018. (In Russ.)
  24. Singh N, Pandey R, Saksena A, Jaiswal J. A comparative evaluation of oral midazolam with other sedatives as premedication in pediatric dentistry. J Clin Pediatr Dentistry. 2003;26(2):161-164. https://doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.26.2.j714x4795474mr2p
  25. Khan A, Kingsley T, Caroline P. Sublingual Tablets and the Benefits of the Sublingual Route of Administration. J Pharmaceutical Res. 2017;16(3):257. https://doi.org/10.18579/jpcrkc/2017/16/3/118766
  26. Fallahinejad Ghajari M, Ansari G, Soleymani A, Shayeghi S, Fotuhi Ardakani F. Comparison of Oral and Intranasal Midazolam/Ketamine Sedation in 3—6-year-old Uncooperative Dental Patients. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects. 2015;9(2):61-65. https://doi.org/10.15171/joddd.2015.013
  27. Lane R, Schunk J. Atomized Intranasal Midazolam Use for Minor Procedures in the Pediatric Emergency Department. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2008;24(5):300-303. https://doi.org/10.1097/pec.0b013e31816ecb6f
  28. Roelofse JA. Intranasal sufentanil/midazolam versus ketamine/midazolam for analgesia/sedation in the pediatric population prior to undergoing multiple dental extractions under general anesthesia: a prospective, double-blind, randomized comparison. Anesthesia Progress. 2004;51(4):114.
  29. Miller R. Basics of anesthesia. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2011;3-11.
  30. Hallonsten A, Koch G, Schroder U. Nitrous oxide-oxygen sedation in dental care. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1983;11(6):347-355. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1983.tb01390.x
  31. Annequin D, Carbajal R, Chauvin P, Gall O, Tourniaire B, Murat I. Fixed 50% nitrous oxide oxygen mixture for painful procedures: a french survey. Pediatrics. 2000;105(4):47-47. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.105.4.e47
  32. Lahoud G, Averley P, Hanlon M. Sevoflurane inhalation conscious sedation for children having dental treatment. Anaesthesia. 2001;56(5):476-480. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2001.01524-7.x
  33. Kim S, Kim Y, Hyun H, Koo Y, Shin T. Deep Sedation With Sevoflurane Inhalation via a Nasal Hood for Brief Dental Procedures in Pediatric Patients. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2013;29(8):926-928. https://doi.org/10.1097/pec.0b013e31829ec4e9
  34. Rabinovich S, Zavodilenko L, Babikov A. Obezbolivanie i sedaciya ksenon-kislorodnoj smes’yu v stomatologii. Stomatologiya. 2014;2(93):70-73. (In Russ.)
  35. Rabinovich S, Zavodilenko L, Babikov A. Obezbolivanie i sedaciya ksenon-kislorodnoj smes’yu v stomatologii. Chast’ II. Stomatologiya. 2014;3(93):68-71. (In Russ.)
  36. Sanborn P, Michna E, Zurakowski D, et al. Adverse Cardiovascular and Respiratory Events during Sedation of Pediatric Patients for Imaging Examinations. Radiology. 2005;237(1):288-294. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2371041415
  37. Faddy S. A systematic review of the safety of analgesia with 50% nitrous oxide: can lay responders use analgesic gases in the prehospital setting? Emergency Med J. 2005;22(12):901-908. https://doi.org/10.1136/emj.2004.020891
  38. Conway A, Rolley J, Sutherland J. Midazolam for sedation before procedures. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd009491.pub2
  39. Symington L. A review of the use of propofol for procedural sedation in the emergency department. Emergency Med J. 2006;23(2):89-93. https://doi.org/10.1136/emj.2005.023713
  40. Picard V, Dumont L, Pellegrini M. Quality of recovery in children: sevoflurane versus propofol. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2000;44(3):307-310. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-6576.2000.440315.x
  41. Agostoni M, Fanti L, Gemma M, Pasculli N, Beretta L, Testoni P. Adverse events during monitored anesthesia care for GI endoscopy: an 8-year experience. Gastrointest Endosc. 2011;74(2):266-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2011.04.028
  42. Coté G, Hovis R, Ansstas M. Incidence of Sedation-Related Complications With Propofol Use During Advanced Endoscopic Procedures. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010;8(2):137-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2009.07.008
  43. Tsejtlin AM, Lubnin AYu. Dvigatel’noe vozbuzhdenie pri diprivanovoj anestezii: opasno li ono? Vestnik intensivnoi terapii. 1999;1:23-27. (In Russ.)
  44. Devasya A, Sarpangala M. Dexmedetomidine: A Review of a Newer Sedative in Dentistry. J Clin Pediatr Dentistry. 2015;39(5):401-409. https://doi.org/10.17796/1053-4628-39.5.401
  45. Giovannitti J, Thoms S, Crawford J. Alpha-2 Adrenergic Receptor Agonists: A Review of Current Clinical Applications. Anesth Prog. 2015;62(1):31-38. https://doi.org/10.2344/0003-3006-62.1.31
  46. Rabinovich S. Sedatsiya v stomatologii. M. Liga; 2013. (In Russ.)
  47. Bailey P, Pace N, Ashburn M, Moll J, East K, Stanley T. Frequent Hypoxemia and Apnea after Sedation with Midazolam and Fentanyl. Anesthesiology. 1990;73(5):826-830. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199011000-00005
  48. Zhorov IS. Obshhee obezbolivanie v khirurgii. M.: Medgiz; 1959. (In Russ.)
  49. http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2016/en#/F30.0. Published 2018. Accessed July 29, 2018.
  50. Samokhvalov VP. Psikhiatriya. Rostov-na-Donu: Feniks; 2002. (In. Russ.).
  51. Illarionova EA, Syrovatskii IP. Khimiko-toksikologicheskii analiz proizvodnykh amfetamina. Irkutsk: IGMU;2016. (In Russ.)
  52. Katunina EA. Levodopa — ot sozdaniya k novym razrabotkam. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii. 2010;4:97-103. (In Russ.)
  53. Bogdanova IV. Rol’ dofamina v mekhanizmakh formirovaniya nekotorykh rasstroĭstv TSNS i sostoyaniĭ zavisimosti. Ukraїns’kii vіsnik psikhonevrologії. 2011;19(2):5-8. (In Russ.)
  54. Dubynin VA. Regulyatornye sistemy organizma cheloveka. M.: Drofa; 2003. (In Russ.)
  55. Zajtsev AYu. Korrektsiya psikhoehmotsional’nogo statusa u khirurgicheskikh bol’nykh v usloviyakh regionarnoj anestezii. M. 2003. (In Russ.)
  56. Buzunov RV, Tsareva EV. Sindrom bespokoinykh nog. M. 2011. (In Russ.)
  57. Kohjitani A, Egusa M, Shimada M, Miyawaki T. Accumulated oropharyngeal water increases coughing during dental treatment with intravenous sedation. J Oral Rehabil. 2008;35(3):203-208. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2007.01752.x
  58. Hanamoto H, Sugimura M, Morimoto Y, Kudo C, Boku A, Niwa H. Cough Reflex Under Intravenous Sedation During Dental Implant Surgery Is More Frequent During Procedures in the Maxillary Anterior Region. J Oral Maxillofacial Surg. 2013;71(4):158-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2012.12.014
  59. Messieha ZS. Bispectral Index System (BIS) monitoring reduces time to discharge in children requiring intramuscular sedation and general anesthesia for outpatient dental rehabilitation. Pediatric Dentistry. 2004;26(3):256-260.
  60. Imagawa A, Fujiki S, Kawahara Y. Satisfaction with bispectral index monitoring of propofol-mediated sedation during endoscopic submucosal dissection: a prospective, randomized study. Endoscopy. 2008;40(11):905-909. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1077641
  61. Hall D. Bispectral EEG index monitoring of high-dose nitrous oxide and low-dose sevoflurane sedation. Anesth Prog. 2002;49(2):56-62.
Contact the author
Email
Message
The publishing house "Media Sphere" does not provide treatment services, does not give recommendations on contacting medical institutions and specific specialists, on the prescription of medicines and dietary supplements.

Email Confirmation

An email was sent to test@gmail.com with a confirmation link. Follow the link from the letter to complete the registration on the site.

Email Confirmation

Contact us
If you have any questions, complaints or suggestions, please use this feedback form.
Email
Message
The publishing house "Media Sphere" does not provide treatment services, does not give recommendations on contacting medical institutions and specific specialists, on the prescription of medicines and dietary supplements.
Submit Application

You can become an author of one of our magazines, send a request and we will consider it in during the day.

Name
Phone
E-mail
Message
Login
Registration
E-mail
Password
Forgot Password?

Log in to the site using your account in one of the services

Password recovery
E-mail
Login
Register

We use cооkies to improve the performance of the site. By staying on our site, you agree to the terms of use of cооkies. To view our Privacy and Cookie Policy, please. click here.