Objective — to assess pregnancy outcomes in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) who gave birth to babies at 28 and 32 weeks’ gestation and to study whether GDM has a synergistic additive effect on perinatal outcomes. Subject and methods. A retrospective case-control study was conducted in two groups, each consisting of 15 diabetic and non-diabetic women who had given birth to babies at 28 to 31 weeks’ gestation. All the newborns underwent anthropometric measurements, general condition evaluation, estimation of venous plasma glucose levels, and standard clinical, laboratory, and ultrasound examinations. Results. The neonatal Apgar score evaluation revealed no significant differences depending on the presence of GDM. The birth weight of babies born to diabetic versus non-diabetic mothers tended to increase (p>0.05). Newborns with body weights below the 10th percentile were more common in women without GDM (30% versus 19%; p>0.05). Birth blood glucose levels in infants born to diabetic mothers were insignificantly lower than in those of non-diabetic mothers (p>0.05). Birth weight was negatively correlated with maternal systolic blood pressure during pregnancy (r= –0.61; p<0.05) and with maternal preconception body mass index prior to conception (r =–0.39; p < 0.05). The severity of respiratory disorders, the duration of respiratory support, the degree of cerebral ischemia, and the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia were determined by gestational age and did not depend on the presence of GDM. Conclusion. According to the authors of the paper, the infants born to diabetic mothers at preterm (28 and 32 weeks’ gestation) were found to have a tendency towards higher weight and lower blood glucose levels at birth. Maternal compensated GDM did not increase the severity and duration of respiratory disturbances, the degree of central nervous system lesion and other complications in very preterm neonatal babies.