Chronic endometritis is the most common disease in women with reproductive dysfunction and in infertility and amounts to 60%. Objective — to define the role of viral infection in women with reproductive dysfunction and chronic endometritis and the possibilities of antiviral therapy. Subjects and methods. A total of 140 patients with chronic endometritis, including 112 with infertility and 28 with recurrent miscarriage, were examined. Culture methods and polymerase chain reaction were used to assess the endometrial microflora and morphological and immunohistochemical (lysozyme, macrophages, CD16+ and CD56+ lymphocytes) examinations were also made. Results. There was a high incidence of microbial flora-associated herpesvirus and HIV infections in the endometrium. Panavir used in patients with chronic endometritis of viral etiology eliminated viruses and bacteria in all the patients. Conclusion. By taking into account the findings, Panavir that has shown a high efficacy in both eliminating viruses and diminishing the inflammatory process as a whole should be used in the combination treatment of patients with chronic endometritis. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.