One hundred and ten patients with chronic endometritis (CE) who had attended an antenatal clinic with reproductive dysfunction for examination and pregravid preparation were studied. A comparison group comprised 50 healthy women who had sought contraceptive advice. The diagnosis of CE was verified on the basis of the results of clinical, laboratory (bacterioscopic, bacteriological tests, polymerase chain reaction methods, and enzyme immunoassay), and instrumental (ultrasonography, computed tomography, and hysteroscopy) studies. Subgroup 1 patients used combination treatment involving conventional etiotropic therapy and the immunomodulator genferon; Subgroup 2 received antimicrobial therapy only. The use of the combined drug genferon during conventional etiotropic therapy, as compared to conventional therapy only, was ascertained to increase significantly (p<0.01) the elimination of microbes from the endometrium and cervical canal of patients with CE.