The paper gives information on the course of an early neonatal period in 110 neonates (a study group): 60 infants (Subgroup 1) who were born to women with unoperated noncyanotic congenital heart diseases (UCHD) and 50 babies of mothers with UCHD that caused an obstruction to blood flow. A control group included 45 infants born to women without congenital heart diseases who were matched with the study group for age and parity. Most babies of mothers with UCHD were shown to be born surgically because of maternal indications for this type of delivery. The anthropometric characteristics of the neonatal contingent were significantly lower than those in the control neonates. Perinatal posthypoxic central nervous system lesions as grades 1, 2, and 3 cerebral ischemia developed in 68.2±4.4% of the infants. 79.8% of cases showed cardiovascular diseases as cardiac dysplasia (28.8%), long fetal communication functioning (24.5%), transient myocardial ischemia (30.9%), and congenital heart diseases (5.5%).