Introduction. Coughing is the main symptom of airway pathology in children and is the most common cause of contacting a pediatrician. Chronic adenoiditis and its associated symptoms, including postnasal drip syndrome (PNDS), is one of the common reasons for seeing an ENT doctor. Studying associations between adenoiditis and pathological cough is necessary to justify the participation of an ENT doctor in the examination and treatment of a child. The accumulation of clinical studies on this topic may lead to the introduction of an ENT examination into the clinical standard for examining and treating a child with a cough. Aim: to study the cause-effect relationship between prolonged coughing and PNDS in children. Materials and methods. 300 children with an average cough duration of 27 ± 2.3 days were examined. All patients underwent pulmonological examination to exclude diseases of the lower respiratory tract, an immunological study to identify opportunistic viral infections as the cause of adenoids and chronic adenoiditis, as well as an examination of ENT organs. Results. In the age group of children under the age of 7 years, signs of chronic Epstein-Barr virus infection were found in 67.6% of cases, including exacerbations of chronic adenoiditis in 51.9%. In the second age group, the incidence of herpesvirus infection was 13.1%, PNDS - 26.2%, of which 87% of children had adenoids. Treatment of adenoids and chronic adenoiditis included irrigation of the nasal cavity, the use of medications, topical anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids. The above-mentioned therapeutic measures led to the cessation of coughing or to a significant decrease in its intensity in all children with adenoids. Conclusion. It is necessary to include the examination of ENT organs in the complex examination of patients Thus, in the complex of examination and treatment of children with prolonged cough, it is necessary to include a study of ENT organs to exclude SPH as a cause of cough and supplement the treatment at the pulmonologist and pediatrician with treatment of adenoiditis.