Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and COVID-19: data by summer 2020, approaches to health care and prevention

Smirnova M.I.; Antipushina D.N.; Kurekhyan A.S.

doi:https://doi.org/10.17116/profmed20202308137

Close metadata

Recommended articles:

Additional criteria to differentiate the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation and acute decompensated chronic heart failure. Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2024;(11):102-107

Digital technologies for outpatient management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: opportunities to reduce the burden of the disease. Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2025;(9):134-139

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD 2024). Clinical guidelines (short version). Journal of Respiratory Medicine. 2025;(2):5-16

Tobacco smoking as a factor in the development of COPD and pulmonary tuberculosis. Journal of Respiratory Medicine. 2025;(2):45-50

Reserves for reducing exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at a large industrial enterprise. Journal of Respiratory Medicine. 2025;(2):66-70

Prognostic factors for progression and risk chronic obstructive pulmonary disease adverse outcomes. Journal of Respiratory Medicine. 2025;(2):71-78

Abstract:

The article provides general information about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the role of respiratory viral infections in exacerbation of COPD, aspects of the course of COVID-19 in patients with this pathology. Based on the results of studies obtained by the beginning of summer 2020, the opinions of individual experts and the expert community, approaches to the management of patients with COPD during the current pandemic are briefly described, including outpatient medical care and prevention of COVID-19. According to the preliminary results of the first wave of the novel coronavirus pandemic, COPD is a very serious factor in the poor prognosis in COVID-19.

Keywords:

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19)

COPD exacerbation

treatment of COPD

COVID-19 prevention

Authors:

Smirnova M.I.

National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine

ORCID: 0000-0002-6208-3038

Antipushina D.N.

National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine

Kurekhyan A.S.

National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation

Received:

22.07.2020

Accepted:

01.10.2020

Close metadata

References:

Chuchalin AG, Khaltaev N, Antonov NS, Galkin DV, Manakov LG, Antonini P, Murphy M, Solodovnikov AG, Bousquet J, Pereira MH, Demko IV. Chronic respiratory diseases and risk factors in 12 regions of the Russian Federation. International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 2014; 9:963-974. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S67283
Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020 report). The official site of the International GOLD Committee. Accessed July 22, 2020. https://goldcopd.org/gold-reports/
Federal Clinical Recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation "Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease", 2018. Accessed Juny 09, 2020. (In Russ.). https://spulmo.ru/upload/federal_klinicheskie_rekomendaciy_hobl.pdf
Satia I, Cusack R, Greene JM, O’Byrne PM, Killian KJ, Johnston N. Prevalence and contribution of respiratory viruses in the community to rates of emergency department visits and hospitalizations with respiratory tract infections, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. PloS one. 2020; 15(2):e0228544. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228544
Vareille M, Kieninger E, Edwards MR, Regamey N. The airway epithelium: soldier in the fight against respiratory viruses. Clinical microbiology reviews. 2011;24(1):210-229. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00014-10
Krammer F, Smith GJD, Fouchier RAM, Peiris M, Kedzierska K, Doherty PC, Palese P, Shaw ML, Treanor J, Webster RG, García-Sastre A. Influenza (Primer). Nature Reviews: Disease Primers. 2018;4:3. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-018-0002-y
Garbino J, Crespo S, Aubert JD, Rochat T, Ninet B, Deffernez C, Wunderli W, Pache JC, Soccal PM, Kaiser L. A prospective hospital-based study of the clinical impact of non-severe acute respiratory syndrome (non-SARS)-related human coronavirus infection. Clinical infectious diseases. 2006;43(8): 1009-1015.
Williamson E, Walker AJ, Bhaskaran KJ, Bacon S, Bates C, Morton CE, Curtis HJ, Mehrkar A, Evans D, Inglesby P, Cockburn J, Mcdonald HI, MacKenna B, Tomlinson L, Douglas IJ, Rentsch CT, Mathur R, Wong A, Grieve R, Harrison D, Forbes H, Schultze A, Croker RT, Parry J, Hester F, Harper S, Perera R, Evans S, Smeeth L, Goldacre B. OpenSAFELY: factors associated with COVID-19-related hospital death in the linked electronic health records of 17 million adult NHS patients. MedRxiv; 2020. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2521-4
Tal-Singer R, Crapo JD. COPD at the Time of COVID-19: A COPD Foundation Perspective. Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (Miami, Fla.). 2020;7(2):73-75. https://doi.org/10.15326/jcopdf.7.2.2020.0149
Mehra MR, Desai SS, Kuy S, Henry TD, Patel AN. Cardiovascular Disease, Drug Therapy, and Mortality in Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382(25):e102. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2007621
Wang L, He W, Yu X, Hu D, Bao M, Liu H, Zhou J, Jiang H. Coronavirus Disease 2019 in elderly patients: characteristics and prognostic factors based on 4-week follow-up. Journal of Infection. 2020;80(6):639-645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.019
Dickens JA, Miller BE, Edwards LD, Silverman EK, Lomas DA, Tal-Singer R. Evaluation of COPD longitudinally to identify surrogate endpoints (ECLIPSE) study investigators. COPD association and repeatability of blood biomarkers in the ECLIPSE cohort. Respir Res. 2011;12(1):146-155. https://doi.org/10.1186/1465-9921-12-146
Shaw JG, Vaughan A, Dent AG, O’Hare PE, Goh F, Bowman RV, et al. Biomarkers of progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Journal of thoracic disease. 2014;6(11):1532-1547. https://doi.org/10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.11.33
Stockley RA. Biomarkers in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: confusing or useful? International Journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 2014;9:163-177. https://doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S42362
Bade G, Khan MA, Srivastava AK, Khare P, Solaiappan KK, Guleria R, Palaniyar N, Talwar A. Serum cytokine profiling and enrichment analysis reveal the involvement of immunological and inflammatory pathways in stable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 2014;9:759-773. https://doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S61347
McGarvey LP, John M, Anderson JA, Zvarich M, Wise RA. Ascertainment of cause-specific mortality in COPD: operations of the TORCH Clinical Endpoint Committee. Thorax. 2007;62:411-415. https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.2006.072348
Singanayagam A, Joshi PV, Mallia P, Johnston SL. Viruses exacerbating chronic pulmonary disease: the role of immune modulation. BMC medicine. 2012;10:27. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-10-27
Halpin DM, Miravitlles M, Metzdorf N, Celli B. Impact and prevention of severe exacerbations of COPD: a review of the evidence. International Journal of COPD. 2017;12:2891-2908. https://doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S139470
Oussedik F, Khelafi R, Skander F. The impact of acute exacerbations of COPD on mortality. Revue des maladies respiratoires. 2019;36(1):7-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmr.2017.12.005
Mohan A, Chandra S, Agarwal D, Guleria R, Broor S, Gaur B, Pandey RM. Prevalence of viral infection detected by PCR and RT-PCR in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD: A systematic review. Respirology. 2010;15:536-542. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1843.2010.01722.x
Kang SH, Cheong HJ, Song JY, Noh JY, Jeon JH, Choi MJ, Lee J, Seo YB, Lee JS, Wie SH, Jeong HW, Kim YK, Park KH, Kim SW, Jeong EJ, Lee SH, Choi WS, Kim WJ Analysis of risk factors for severe acute respiratory infection and pneumonia and among adult patients with acute respiratory illness during 2011-2014 influenza seasons in Korea. Infection & chemotherapy. 2016;48(4):294-301. https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2016.48.4.294
Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG, Hu B, Zhang L, Zhang W, Si HR, Zhu Y, Li B, Huang CL, Chen HD, Chen J, Luo Y, Guo H, Jiang RD, Liu MQ, Chen Y, Shen XR, Wang X, Zheng XS, Zhao K, Chen QJ, Deng F, Liu LL, Yan B, Zhan FX, Wang YY, Xiao GF, Shi ZL. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature. 2020;579(7798):270-273. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7
Hoffmann M, Kleine-Weber H, Schroeder S, Krüger N, Herrler T, Erichsen S, Schiergens TS, Herrler G, Wu NH, Nitsche A, Müller MA, Drosten C, Pöhlmann S. SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor. Cell. 2020;16:181(2): 271-280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052
Leung JM, Yang CX, Tam A, Shaipanich T, Hackett TL, Singhera GK, Dorscheid DR, Sin DD. ACE-2 Expression in the Small Airway Epithelia of Smokers and COPD Patients: Implications for COVID-19. European Respiratory Journal. 2020;55:5. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00688-2020
Higham A, Singh D. Increased ACE2 Expression in the Bronchial Epithelium of COPD Patients who are Overweight. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2020; 28(9):1586-1589. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22907
Li G, Fan Y, Lai Y, Han T, Li Z, Zhou P, Pan P, Wang W, Hu D, Liu X, Zhang Q, Wu J. Coronavirus infections and immune responses. Journal of medical virology. 2020;92(4):424-432. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25685
Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, Zhang L, Fan G, Xu J, Gu X, Cheng Z, Yu T, Xia J, Wei Y, Wu W, Xie X, Yin W, Li H, Liu M, Xiao Y, Gao H, Guo L, Xie J, Wang G, Jiang R, Gao Z, Jin Q, Wang J, Cao B. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497-506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5
Leask A. COVID-19: is fibrosis the killer? Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling. 2020;14(2):255. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12079-020-00569-0
Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, Xiang J, Wang Y, Song B, Gu X, Guan L, Wei Y, Li H, Wu X, Xu J, Tu S, Zhang Y, Chen H, Cao B. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. The Lancet. 2020;395(10229): 1054-1062. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3
Provisional guidelines "Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19)" Version 7 dated June 03, 2020. Accessed September 07, 2020. (In Russ.).
Chronic lung disease and COVID-19. Official site of the Russian Respiratory Society. Accessed July 07, 2020. (In Russ.) https://spulmo.ru/covid-19
Global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease. GOLD-Covid-19-guidance. The official site of the International GOLD Committee. Accessed July 07, 2020. https://goldcopd.org/gold-covid-19-guidance
Mannino DM, Thorn D, Swensen A, Holguin F. Prevalence and outcomes of diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease in COPD. European Respiratory Journal. 2008;32(4):962-969. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00012408
Chen W, Thomas J, Sadatsafavi M, FitzGerald JM. Risk of cardiovascular comorbidity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Respir Medicine. 2015;3(8):631-639. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(15)00241-6
Jolliet P, Ouanes-Besbes L, Abroug F, Ben Khelil J, Besbes M, Garnero A, Arnal JM, Daviaud F, Chiche JD, Lortat-Jacob B, Diehl JL, Lerolle N, Mercat A, Razazi K, Brun-Buisson C, Durand-Zaleski I, Texereau J, Brochard L; E.C.H.O. ICU Trial Investigators. A Multicenter Randomized Trial Assessing the Efficacy of Helium/Oxygen in Severe Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 2017;195(7):871-880. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201601-0083OC
Ferrer M, Torres A. Noninvasive ventilation with Helium/Oxygen in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations. When physiologic Improvement does not translate into clinical benefit. Comment on A multicenter randomized trial assessing the efficacy of helium/oxygen in severe exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;195(7):843-844. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201610-2102ED
Zalacain R, Sobradillo V, Amilibia J, Barron J, Achotegui V, Pijan JI. Predisposing factors to bacterial colonization in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. European Respiratory Journal. 1999;13(2):343-348. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3003.1999.13b21.x
Suissa S, Patenaude V, Lapi F, Ernst P. Inhaled corticosteroids in COPD and the risk of serious pneumonia. Thorax. 2013;68(11):1029-1036. https://doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-202872
Tran K, Cimon K, Severn M, Pessoa-Silva CL, Conly J. Aerosol generating procedures and risk of transmission of acute respiratory infections to healthcare workers: a systematic review. PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e35797. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035797
Attaway A. Hatipoğlu U. Management of patients with COPD during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine. 2020 Jul 17. https://doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.87a.ccc007
Somsen GA, van Rijn C, Kooij S, Bem RA, Bonn D. Small droplet aerosols in poorly ventilated spaces and SARS-CoV-2 transmission. The Lancet. Respiratory Medicine. 2020; published online May 27, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30245-9
Chu DK, Akl EA, Duda S, Solo K, Yaacoub S, Schünemann HJ. COVID-19 Systematic Urgent Review Group Effort (SURGE) study authors. Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet. 2020;27;395(10242):1973-1987. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31142-9
Vremennye metodicheskie rekomendacii «Medicinskaya reabilitaciya pri novoj koronovirusnoj infekcii (COVID 19)». Versiya 1 ot 21.05.20. Accessed September 07, 2020. (In Russ.). https://dgmu.ru/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Vremennye-metodicheskie-rekomendatsii-po-meditsinskoj-reabilitatsii-pri-novoj-koronavirusnoj-infektsii-COVID-19-2020.pdf
Van Doremalen N, Bushmaker T, Morris DH, Holbrook MG, Gamble A, Williamson BN, Tamin A, Harcourt JL, Thornburg NJ, Gerber SI, Lloyd-Smith JO, de Wit E, Munster VJ. Aerosol and surface stability of SARS-CoV-2 as compared with SARS-CoV-1. New England Journal of Medicine. 2020;382(16):1564-1567. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2004973
Somsen GA, van Rijn C, Kooij S, Bem RA, Bonn D. Small droplet aerosols in poorly ventilated spaces and SARS-CoV-2 transmission. The Lancet. Respiratory Medicine. 2020;8(7):658-659. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30245-9
Bengio Y, Janda R, Yu YW, Ippolito D, Jarvie M, Pilat D, Struck B, Krastev S, Sharma A. The need for privacy with public digital contact tracing during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Lancet Digital Health. 2020;2(7):342-344. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2589-7500(20)30133-3
Antipushina D.N., Smirnova M.I. Perspektivy distancionnogo kontrolya hronicheskoj obstruktivnoj bolezni lyogkih i bronhial'noj astmy. V sbornike: Fizika i radioelektronika v medicine i ekologii- FREME-2020, c. 72-74. (In Russ.)