Introduction. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a serious disease, primarily affecting people of young working age. Aim of this study — to assess the annual socio-economic burden (SEB) of IBD in adult patients in the Russian Federation. Material and methods. The value of SEB of IBD in 2017 as a whole for the Russian Federation is determined using the mathematical model, which was created based on the data collected from 77 subjects of the Russian Federation. The economic burden was assessed from the position of the government and included expenditures of the state budget and extra-budgetary funds (compulsory medical insurance fund, pension fund, social insurance fund). Results. In Russian Federation in 2017, 9,227 adult patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) were registered, of which 2,809 patients had the status of «disabled person» and 22,144 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), of which 4,635 were recognized as disabled. The annual economic burden for UC was 2,460.49 million rubles, for CD — 1,415.40 million rubles, the average cost per patient was 153,401 rubles for CD and 111 114 rubles — for UC. More than 60% accounted for medical costs, biological therapy (BT) mostly formed this sum. Their proportion in CD was 46%, although only 66% of patients who were prescribed BT received it at public expense. In UC, the share of BT costs was 28% (73% of patients were provided at the state expense), yielding to hospitalization costs not related to BT or surgical treatment. Conclusion. A significant part of the economic burden of IBD is due to BT, although access to this treatment is provided only for some of the patients who need it.