Abstract Objective — to assess the attitude of cardiologists and therapists to guidelines for the prevention and treatment of myocardial infarction (MI). Subject and methods. A voluntary anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted in 172 respondents (mean age 44.7±12.1 years). The questionnaire contained 37 questions about the attitude of physicians to the use of the principles of evidence-based medicine, guidelines, information from healthcare databases (DBs) and articles, opinions on risk factors (RFs) and methods for secondary prevention of MI in practical work. The relative frequency of a sign (a moiety) was determined by calculating confidence intervals. The relationship between several independent variables was analyzed by logistic regression. Results. 44.2% of physicians are aware of the principles of evidence-based medicine; 52.3% are familiar with clinical epidemiology. 22.1% of physicians use electronic healthcare DBs, while only 15.1% refer to the latter at least once a week. Only 60.5% of respondents gave examples of medical journals. 41.9% of physicians were unsatisfied with the quality of approved Russian guidelines. 40.7% of respondents are familiar with diagnostic criteria for re-MI; 26.7% of respondents did not give examples of existing guidelines for prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation after MI, which are published by professional cardiology communities. Only 38.4% of physicians agree on the validity of lifelong prescription of the main groups of drugs of Class I evidence and level A evidence in order to prevent re-MI. Only 16.3% of respondents consider methods aimed at modifying RF for re-MI to be effective. Conclusion. The insufficient adherence to and satisfaction with the existing guidelines and the low frequency of reference to the sources of information on the most effective and safe prevention and treatment methods may suggest that the physicians lack understanding of the basic principles of evidence-based medicine and clinical epidemiology.