Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) pose the greatest threat to public health in most countries in the world, especially in economically developed ones. Russia is among such countries: the contribution of NCDs to overall mortality is 68.5%. To prevent and reduce NCDs, the country develops and carries out in practice strategic, legislative, and normative legal documents, creates preventive structures, and implements prevention programs. This leads to a reduction in overall and cardiovascular mortality rates (by 18.5 and 30%, respectively) and in deaths from chronic respiratory diseases (by 18.5%). For the formation and promotion of national policies and strategies for NCD prevention at regional and global levels, Russia actively cooperates with international organizations, economic communities, and individual countries. The priorities for this cooperation are to improve the development of the health system and to adapt the latter to the existing and projected burden of NCDs; to introduce efficient and low-cost NCD preventive interventions in health services, other sectors of society, and vital activity of the population; to publish guidelines and protocols for NCD diagnosis and treatment; and to develop legislative and normative-legal acts on the labeling of foods (salt, sugar, and trans fats) and on the control of tobacco and alcohol.