Objective — to investigate the efficiency of identifying behavioral and nutrition-related risk factors (RFs) for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) during health survey of the adult population in order to improve differentiated prophylactic consulting technology when identifying and following up patients with these RFs in the primary health care facilities. Material and methods. The analysis included the summarized results of the 2014 health survey among some adult population groups in the subjects of the Russian Federation (RF), which were assessed using the data available in the statistical form 131/o according to RF Ministry of Health Order No. 382н dated 18 June 1013. A total of 61 subjects of the country, where 19 177 804 (8 084 750 men and 11 093 054 women) aged 21 years and over were examined, were included in the analysis. Just at the first (screening) stage, the health survey procedure and the medical examination program include a unified methodology to assess RFs for non-communicable diseases, including behavioral (improper nutrition) and nutrition-related diseases, such as dyslipidemias, hyperglycemia, overweight, and obesity. Results. The gender- and age-related features of the rate of behavioral and other nutrition-related biological RFs for CVD were analyzed. The findings suggest that a four short-question questionnaire proposed and used during health survey to assess a behavioral RF, such improper nutrition, is of rather high diagnostic value. Conclusion. The obtained data on the gender- and age-related features and the found correlations between dietary patterns and the rate of nutrition-related RFs may be used to elaborate prophylactic priorities at both the regional level (information campaigns, normative legal measures, food access and safety, training of medical and paramedical specialists) and in the healthcare facilities during short and in-depth consultations to reduce a risk for chronic non-communicable diseases associated with behavioral and nutrition-related RFs.