Objective — to study the efficiency of first-year screening of certain adult population groups for nutrition-dependent risk factors (RFs) of their related conditions to determine a need for in-depth prevention counseling of the examined population within the framework of both screening and a follow-up of groups at these RFs. Methodology. The pooled results of first-year screening of certain adult population groups of our country were analyzed by the data available in the approved statistical reporting forms in accordance with Order No. 382н of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation with emphasis on the methodology of assessing behavioral, first of all, nutrition-dependent RFs (unbalanced diets, low physical activity) and their related biological, metabolic, and endocrine ones. Results. The analysis was made from the results of screening surveys of 19.4 million people (94.6% of all examinees in 77 subjects of Russia in 2013), among whom there were people aged 21—39 (36.0%), 39—60 (42.1%), and over 60 years (21.9%). The rate of RFs and their related conditions and diseases detected during screening of certain adult population groups demonstrated the hypodiagnosis of RFs. Thus, there was irrational nutrition in every four (25.5%) patients, low physical activity in every five (19.6%) individuals, and overweight and obesity (16.7%), the clinical diagnosis of obesity being made in only 3% of the men and 3.5% of the women; hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia were detected in 11.7, 15.5, and 3.7%, respectively; diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in 0.54% of the cases. Conclusion. A unified questionnaire to assess behavioral RFs related to nutrition behavior (nutrition-dependent behavioral RFs) was shown to identify these factors according to the uniform criteria; however, healthcare workers should be educated to enhance the quality and completeness of diagnosis, by using the unified tools and criteria laid down in the normative and methodical documents to conduct screenings. There is evidence for the necessity of improving the statistical reporting forms to enhance the completeness and precision of notifying the conditions detected during medical examinations. Of great importance is the postgraduate and advanced training of healthcare workers in a medical examination procedure during screening and in effective prevention counseling technology, including that to improve nutrition behavior in the population and to reduce the negative impact of irrational nutrition, low physical activity, and their consequences on its health.