Objective — examine the expression of proliferation and apoptosis factors (Ki-67, bcl-2), inflammation factors (NF-kβ p65, COX-2), adhesion factors (b-catenin), estrogen (ERα) and progesterone (PRα) receptors in ovarian endometrioma and determine predictive factors of recurrence of ovarian endometrioma from women of reproductive age during the follow-up period of 1.5 years after laparoscopic excision. Materials and methods. This study includes 109 patients of reproductive age with ovarian endometriosis. In this study histological and immunohistochemical methods are used. Immunohistochemical analysis of ovarian endometrioma was carried out using the Tissue-Tek Quick-Ray kit, which allows the preparation of paraffin blocks with a large number of tissue samples (tissue microarray). Specimens were prepared according to a standard protocol using the Immunostimulator Ventana Ultra. For the correct formulation of immunohistochemical reactions positive and negative controls were used. Statistical analysis was carried out using Statistica 10.0 and Microsoft Excel. Results. Diameter of ovarian endometrioma ≥4.5 cm, III—IV stage of the disease and presence of surgical interventions for endometriosis in the history are significant risk factors for recurrence of ovarian endometrioma during the follow-up period of 1.5 years after laparoscopic excision. According to immunohistochemical data, expression of PRα and β-catenin is significantly increased and expression of Ki-67, NF-kβ p65 and COX-2 is significantly lowered in ovarian endometrioma from patients with recurrent of ovarian endometrioma. Conclusion. Diameter of ovarian endometrioma, stage of the disease, presence of surgical interventions for endometriosis in the history, Ki-67, NF-kβ p65, СОХ-2, b-catenin and PRα may be potentially predictive factors for recurrence of ovarian endometrioma after laparoscopic excision. The immunohistochemical analysis of the Ki-67, NF-kβ p65, СОХ-2, β-catenin and PRα expression in ovarian endometrioma will allow to define patients with high risk of a recurrence of ovarian endometrioma and to individualize postoperative treatment of patients with ovarian endometrioma.