The article is devoted to the urgent problem of cervical cancer screening. The modern concept of the development of cervical cancer, the causative agent of which (papillomavirus infection) is transmitted sexually. Various models of screening activities in different countries are described and their effectiveness in such key parameters as the primary incidence and mortality from cervical cancer is shown. In the United States and some European countries, cervical cancer screening is based on cytology in liquid media. In some developed countries, there has been a tendency to gradually replace traditional cytology with virological screening. The article shows that, based on more than three decades of organizational measures to prevent cervical cancer, a screening strategy with simultaneous treatment is acceptable for Tajikistan and other countries with limited resources. This technique excludes cytological examination, which requires additional material and time costs, and is recommended by WHO for developing countries as a pilot method.