Background. The benefits of combination treatment in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSLC) were proved as early as the last century; however, patient selection criteria for the choice of its option have not been defined up till now. Subjects and methods. The combination treatment involving adjuvant radiotherapy in 812 patients with N1—2 NSLC was analyzed. Most males whose mean age was 56.7 years (90.6%) were ill with NSLC. A tumor was equally frequently located in the right (52.2%) and left (47.7%) lung; half of the tumors had a central clinical and anatomic shape (52.3%). In accordance with the International Histological Classification (2004), 66.5% of the patients were diagnosed with squamous-cell carcinoma, 21.5% with adenogenous carcinoma, 7.1% with large-cell carcinoma, 3.7% with adenosquamous cell carcinoma, and 1.1% with mucoepidermoid carcinoma. With allowance made for the extent of the process, 55.3% underwent pneumonectomy, the others had organ-sparing interventions. Combination surgery was performed in 42.5% of the patients and regarded as palliative in 8.3%. The postoperative mortality was 3.5%; complications were diagnosed in 26.3% of the patients. Results. Disease progression following radical treatment was diagnosed in 50.9±2.3%. Overall five-year survival rate was 30.9±2.3%: 38.9±4.3% for Т1, 29.3±3.1% for T2, 29.6±6.6% for Т3, and 4.2±4.1% for Т4. The results of treatment were found to be related to the level of intrathoracic lymph node involvement (39.6±3.0% for N1 and 16.6±2.5% for N2; р<0.05; OR=2.247). The worst long-term results were observed in the patients with large-cell carcinoma and in those with multiple mediastinal lymph node metastases and during palliative treatment. Conclusion. Radical surgery as the first stage of combination treatment may be performed in the majority of patients with NSLC (N+). Postoperative radiotherapy improves treatment results, which allows one to consider this combination to be one of the variants of the standard for combination treatment. With the extremely low survival rates in patients with multiple mediastinal lymph node metastases, there is an increase in the importance of the preoperative morphological staging of N2; and, if any indications, in that of neoadjuvant or triple antitumor treatment. The rate of distant metastases forces to use more extensively a drug component of combination treatment.