The increase in the frequency of COVID-19 is closely related to the fact that the number of patients in Russia who have had COVID-19 is currently increasing every day. At the same time, many of them continue to experience symptoms after an acute infection regardless of its severity, which is of concern to the entire medical community. In this context, it is important to remember that COVID-19 is characterized not only by lesions of the respiratory system, but also by damage to the heart and blood vessels, hemostasis disorders, which aggravate the course of the infection and lead to a significant number of complications both in the acute and subacute phase of the disease, and in the long-term follow-up period. Early detection, diagnosis, as well as prevention and treatment of cardiovascular complications in patients who have undergone COVID-19 will be key to reducing the risk of further adverse health outcomes. The use of low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in patients with cardiovascular disease and high cardiovascular risk patients without cardiovascular disease in the post-COVID-19 period is currently considered as one of the main directions of prevention of arterial cardiovascular complications. In this regard, this article discusses the pathogenetic basis of ASA use in patients who have undergone COVID-19, the position of ASA in current clinical guidelines, and the optimal dose and form of ASA for patients who have undergone COVID-19.