The cases of the development of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in the hospital patients are considered to be the complications of either acute pathological conditions and chronic diseases or the consequences of various medical interventions. The probability of the development of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in the patients receiving the hospital-based treatment is much higher than in the remaining ones. In those presenting with various injuries to the skeletal bones, the frequency of development of venous thrombosis varies in the range of 40—60% and is likely to amount to 80% in the cases of multiple or combined injuries. 15—40% of the patients suffering from surgical diseases or those undergoing major surgery for the treatment of urological or gynecological diseasesа are known to develop venous thromboembolism. Almost 20% cases of these complications are associated with one or another oncological condition, with 3—12% of such observations suggesting asymptomatic venous thrombosis. Despite the adequate prophylaxis of VTE, the frequency of their development in the hospital patients remain as high as 16.1%. It may amount to 45-59% in the case of inadequate prophylaxis or its absence. The high probability of the formation of venous thrombosis in the patients with surgical pathology makes dangerous even the indispensable intervention for the management of the underlying disease due to the high risk of perioperative pulmonary thromboembolism; in the majority of the cases, such interventions are postponed till deep vein recanalization is achieved. This, however, is fraught with the development of complications of both the underlying and the concomitant diseases. Moreover, it leads to the progression of venous thrombosis. At the same time, the high risk of hemorrhagic complications makes impossible in many cases the adequate anticoagulation treatment. The present review of the literature publications presents the currently available data concerning the effectiveness and safety of the surgical interventions on the locomotor organs and for the treatment of neoplasms in the abdominal cavity and the retroperitoneal space in the patients presenting with simultaneous acute venous thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism.