Nowadays there is strong evidence that colorectal cancer (CRC) screening tests greatly contributes to the reduction of disease-specific mortality. During the past two decades, against the background of the expanding range of CRC screening methods, many countries have implemented the population-based screening programs. Nevertheless, large geographical variations are still remaining as regards success of realization of these programs. As could have been expected, screening programs are more often implemented in the western countries characterized by a higher incidence of CRC and more accessible health resources.