
Анестезиологическое обеспечение пациенток с морбидным ожирением при робот-ассистированных гинекологических операциях: патофизиология, риски и современные подходы (нарративный обзор)
Журнал: Анестезиология и реаниматология. 2026;(5):114-122.
DOI: 10.17116/anaesthesiology2026051114
Прочитано: 105 раз
Резюме
Распространенность морбидного ожирения (индекс массы тела ≥40 кг/м²) среди женщин репродуктивного возраста растет, что сопровождается увеличением потребности в хирургическом лечении гинекологической патологии. Робот-ассистированные вмешательства расширяют возможности минимально инвазивной хирургии, но создают специфические анестезиологические вызовы: необходимость пневмоперитонеума и крутого положения Тренделенбурга усугубляют респираторные нарушения, обусловленные ожирением. В обзоре систематизированы современные данные о периоперационном ведении пациенток с морбидным ожирением при робот-ассистированных гинекологических операциях на основе анализа 57 публикаций из баз PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library и eLIBRARY.RU (2000—2025 гг.). Рассмотрены патофизиологические изменения дыхательной и сердечно-сосудистой систем, стратегии скрининга обструктивного апноэ сна (STOP-Bang), обеспечения дыхательных путей, протективной вентиляции легких и мультимодальной анальгезии. Обсуждены периоперационные риски у пациенток, получающих агонисты рецепторов глюкагоноподобного пептида-1. Сформулированы практические рекомендации, основанные на синтезе данных литературы и экспертном мнении авторов.
Ключевые слова
- морбидное ожирение
- робот-ассистированная хирургия в гинекологии
- обструктивное апноэ сна
- STOP-Bang
- анестезиологическое обеспечение
- протективная вентиляция
- пневмоперитонеум
- положение Тренделенбурга
- мультимодальная анальгезия
- CPAP
- агонисты рецепторов глюкагоноподобного пептида-1
- ГПП-1
Дата поступления: 27.02.2026
Дата принятия в печать: 27.04.2026
Дата публикации: 15.10.2026
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