Objective. To analyze the main markers of somatic and visceral protein pool, energy requirements at rest and during rehabilitation measures in ICU patients with and without respiratory neuropathy. Material and methods. A prospective cohort study enrolled 75 ICU patients for the period 2016—2019. Respiratory neuropathy was diagnosed in 50 patients. The control group consisted of 25 ICU patients without signs of RN. At the first stage, severity of nutritional disorders and protein-energy metabolism were assessed using serum albumin, transferrin, cholinesterase, absolute number of lymphocytes in peripheral blood, body mass index (BMI) and body mass deficiency. At the second stage, energy requirements at rest and during rehabilitation measures were analyzed in ICU patients with and without respiratory neuropathy using indirect calorimetry. Results. The main metabolic characteristics of ICU patients with RN are lower markers of both visceral and somatic protein pools compared to patients without RN: hypoalbuminemia (25.17 g / l (13; 31.1) vs 29.92 (25.44 ; 32.87), p=0.03), hypotransferrinemia (1.47 g / l (0.79; 2.29 vs 1.98 (1.39; 2.19, p=0.004), lower serum cholinesterase (3638.88 IU (2076; 6498) vs 4148 (1318; 7062), p=0.04), as well as severe body mass deficiency and decreased urine nitrogen excretion. Energy requirements for verticalization were 3.5 times higher in RN group (5.10 kcal/kg (2.01; 8.6) vs 1.9 (1.01; 3; 46), p=0.03). In case of cycle ergometry, energy consumption was 4.5 times higher compared to the control group (6.77 kcal / kg (3.12; 7.79) vs 1.55 (0.66; 4.21), p=0.01). Conclusion. Evaluation of the main characteristics of protein-energy metabolism and nutritional status in ICU patients with RN demonstrated severe deficiency of visceral and somatic protein pool and high energy requirements for rehabilitation procedures in these patients.