The aim was to study correlations between the development of synaptic connections and benzodiazepine receptors functionally linked to the brain GABA system in the brain of embryos and 8-15 week fetuses obtained from women with alcoholism. Material from 33 women with alcoholism, stage II (ICD-10 F10.201 and F10.202), and 30 healthy people (controls) was studied. The retardation in the formation of synaptic benzodiazepine receptors and increase in their density was seen in brain cells developing in conditions of prenatal alcoholization compared to controls. The authors consider these findings as a manifestation of compensatory reactions directed towards the adaptation of the fetal nervous system to the action of alcohol and as functional insufficiency of the brain GABA system.