Anxiety disorders in epilepsy

Avedisova A.S.; Lebedeva A.V.; Pashnin E.V.; Kustov G.V.; Akzhigitov R.G.; Guekht A.B.

doi:https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro201811810237

Close metadata

Recommended articles:

Brain microstructural abnormalities assessed by diffusion kurtosis MRI in patients with focal temporal lobe epilepsy. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2024;(11):171-177

Atopic dermatitis and skin toxic reactions: comparative characteristics, psychosomatic aspects and patient management tactics. Russian Journal of Clinical Dermatology and Venereology. 2024;(6):744-752

Ototoxicity caused by anti-epileptic drugs. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2024;(12):14-19

Absence status epilepticus in adults. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2024;(12):47-56

Subjective sleep quality evaluation in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2024;(12):57-61

Comorbid anxiety disorders in patients with neurological pathology: current state of the problem and the role of etifoxine in treatment strategy. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2024;(12):126-136

A case of rare hereditary Siddiqi syndrome with novel neuropsychiatric signs. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2024;(12):171-176

Influence of enzymatic activity of microbiota on hemodynamics, arterial stiffness and emotional state of patients with mild-to-moderate risk of cardiovascular complications. Russian Cardiology Bulletin. 2024;(4-2):128-136

Autonomic cardiovascular disorders in patients with epileptic and psychogenic non-epileptic seizures: a pilot study. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2025;(2):13-20

A personalized approach to the diagnosis of epilepsy in obese children. Laboratory Service. 2025;(1):5-12

Abstract:

This review is devoted to the place of anxiety disorders in the spectrum of psychiatric comorbidity in patients with epilepsy. The authors present general characteristics of anxiety manifestations and current views on the classification and qualification of anxiety disorders in such patients. Recent data show the relationship of anxiety with different forms of epilepsy, demographic and gender characteristics, localization of epileptic focus. The problem of bidirectional relationship of anxiety and epilepsy as well as the temporal relationship between anxiety and epileptic states are considered.

Keywords:

epilepsy

anxiety

mental disorders

bidirectional relationship

psychiatric comorbidity

Authors:

Avedisova A.S.

Serbsky Federal Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology

SPIN RSCI: 4339-6749
Scopus AuthorID: 6602410560

Lebedeva A.V.

FGBU "Federal'nyĭ nauchnyĭ tsentr transplantologii i iskusstvennykh organov im. akad. V.I. Shumakova" Minzdrava Rossii, Moskva

SPIN RSCI: 3515-2408
Scopus AuthorID: 57193881028
ORCID: 0000-0001-8712-4775

Pashnin E.V.

Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry of the Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia

Kustov G.V.

Soloviev Moscow Research and Clinical for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow, Russia

Akzhigitov R.G.

Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology;
Soloviev Scientific and Practical Center of Psychoneurology

SPIN RSCI: 7335-7359
Scopus AuthorID: 12765937300
ResearcherID: K-2282-2018
ORCID: 0000-0001-7777-2920

Guekht A.B.

Moscow Research and Clinical Centre for Neuropsychiatry;
Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

SPIN RSCI: 7691-3288
Scopus AuthorID: 7003326363
ResearcherID: Y-6725-2018
ORCID: 0000-0002-1170-6127

Close metadata

References:

Fisher R, Acevedo C, Arzimanoglou A, Bogacz A, Cross JH, Elger CE, Engel J Jr, Forsgren L, French JA, Glynn M, Hesdorffer DC, Lee BI, Mathern GW, Moshé SL, Perucca E, Scheffer IE, Tomson T, Watanabe M, Wiebe S. Epilepsy: a practical clinical definition. Epilepsia. 2014;55(4):475-482.
Petrovski CEI, Szoecke NC, Jones NC, Salzberg LJ, Sheffield RM, Huggins RM, O’Brien TJ. Neuropsychiatric symptomatology predicts seizure recurrence in newly treated patients. Neurology. 2010;75:1015-1021.
Kanner AM, Byrne RW, Chicharro AV, Wuu J, Frey M. Is a lifetime psychiatric history predictive of a worse postsurgical seizure outcome following a temporal lobectomy? Neurology. 2009;72:793-799.
Guekht A. Epilepsy, Comorbidities and Treatments. Current Pharmaceutical Design [Internet]. Bentham Science Publishers. 2018;23(37):5702-5726. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612823666171009144400
Kanner AM. Psychiatric comorbidities in epilepsy: Should they be considered in the classification of epileptic disorders? Epilepsy Behav. 2016;64(Pt B):306-308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.06.040
Kanner AM. Depression and Epilepsy: A New Perspective on Two Closely Related Disorders. Epilepsy Currents. 2006;6(5):141-146. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1535-7511.2006.00125.x
Kanner AM. Anxiety disorders in epilepsy: the forgotten psychiatric comorbidity. Epilepsy Curr. 2011;11:90-91. https://doi.org/10.5698/1535-7511-11.3.90
Kerr MP, Mensah S, Besag F de Toffol B, Ettinger A, Kanemoto K, Kanner A, Kemp S, Krishnamoorthy E, LaFrance WC Jr, Mula M, Schmitz B, van Elst LT, Trollor J, Wilson SJ; International League of Epilepsy (ILAE) Commission on the Neuropsychiatric Aspects of Epilepsy.,International consensus clinical practice statements for the treatment of neuropsychiatric conditions associated with epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2011;52:2133-2138.
Fiest KM, Patten SB, Jetté N. Screening for Depression and Anxiety in Epilepsy. Neurol Clin. 2016;34(2):351-361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ncl.2015.11.003
Vicentic S, Nenadovic M, Nenadovic N, Simonovic P. Analysis of quality of life and anxiety in patients with different forms of epilepsy. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci. 2013;50(1):55-60.
Beyenburg S, Mitchell AJ, Schmidt D, Elger CE, Reuber M. Anxiety in patients with epilepsy: systematic review and suggestions for clinical management. Epilepsy Behav. 2005;7:161-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2005.05.014
Gaitatzis A, Trimble MR, Sander JW. The psychiatric comorbidity of epilepsy. Acta Neurol Scand. 2004;110:207-220. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0404.2004.00324.x
Brandt C, Schoendienst M, Trentowska M, May TW, Pohlmann-Eden B, Tuschen-Caffier B, Schrecke M, Fueratsch N, Witte-Boelt K, Ebner A.Prevalence of anxiety disorders in patients with refractory focal epilepsy — a prospective clinic based survey. Epilepsy Behav. 2010;17:259-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh2009.12.009
Swinkels WA, Kuyk J, de Graaf EH, van Dyck R, Spinhoven P. Prevalence of psychopathology in Dutch epilepsy inpatients: a comparative study. Epilepsy Behav. 2001;2:441-447. https://doi.org/10.1006/ebeh.2001.0242
Mensah SA, Beavis JM, Thapar AK, Kerr MP. A community study of the presence of anxiety disorder in people with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 2007;11:118-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2007.04.012
Devinsky O, Barr WB, Vickrey BG, Berg AT, Bazil CW, Pacia SV, Langfitt JT, Walczak TS, Sperling MR, Shinnar S, Spencer SS.Changes in depression and anxiety after resective surgery for epilepsy. Neurology. 2005;65:1744-1749. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000187114.71524.c3
Munger CH, Hamberger MJ. Association of anxiety symptoms with epilepsy type and seizure localization. American Epilepsy Society Annual Meeting. San Diego: CA; 2012.
Rai D, Kerr MP, McManus S, Jordanova V, Lewis G, Brugha TS. Epilepsy and psychiatric comorbidity: a nationally representative population-based study. Epilepsia. 2012;53:1095-1103. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2012.03500.x
Kobau R, Gilliam F, Thurman DJ. Prevalence of self-reported epilepsy or seizure disorder and its associations with self-reported depression and anxiety: results from the 2004 Health Styles Survey. Epilepsia. 2006;47:1915-1921. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2006.00612.x
Ottman R, Lipton RB, Ettinger AB, Cramer JA, Reed ML, Morrison A, Wan GJ.Comorbidities of epilepsy: results from the Epilepsy Comorbidities and Health (EPIC) survey. Epilepsia. 2011;52:308-315. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2010.02927.x
Pham T, Sauro KM, Patten SB, Wiebe S, Fiest KM, Bulloch AGM, Jetté N. The prevalence of anxiety and associated factors in persons with epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2017;58(8):107-110. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.13817.
Kotov AS. Trevoga u stradayushchih ehpilepsiej pacientov. Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2013;113(4):41-44. (In Russ.)
Bandelow B, Michaelis S. Epidemiology of anxiety disorders in the 21st century. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience. 2015;17(3):327-335.
Gaus V, Kiep H, Holtkamp M, Burkert S, Kendel F. Gender differences in depression, but not in anxiety in people with epilepsy. Seizure. 2015;32:37-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2015.07.012
Breeman S, Cotton S, Fielding S, Jones GT. Normative data for the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Qual Life Res. 2015;24:391-398.
Lehmkuhl E, Kendel F, Gelbrich G, Dunkel A, Oertelt-Prigione S, Babitsch B, Knosalla C, Bairey-Merz N, Hetzer R, Regitz-Zagrosek V.Gender-specific predictors of early mortality after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Clin Res Cardiol. 2012;101:745-751.
Yue L, Yu PM, Zhao DH, Wu DY, Zhu GX, Wu XY Hong Z. Determinants of quality of life in people with epilepsy and their gender differences. Epilepsy Behav. 2011;22:692-696.
Otoom S, Al-Jishi A, Montgomery A, Ghwanmeh M, Atoum A.Death anxiety in patients with epilepsy. Seizure. 2007;16(2):142-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2006.10.014
Balibey H, Yasar H, Tekeli H, Bayar N. Frequency of Anxiety and Depression in Epileptic Patients. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni-Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2015;25(2):136-140. https://doi.org/10.5455/bcp.20130429122553
Jacoby A, Baker GA, Steen N, Potts P, Chadwick DW. The clinical course of epilepsy and its psychosocial correlates: findings from a U.K. community study. Epilepsia. 1996;37:148.
Smith DF, Baker GA, Dewey M, Jacoby A, Chadwick DW. Seizure frequency, patient-perceived seizure severity and the psychosocial consequences of intractable epilepsy. Epilepsy Res. 1991;9:231-241.
Goldstein MA, Harden CL. Continuing exploration of the neuropsychiatry of seizures: A review of anxiety and epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 2000;1:228-234.
Johnson EK, Jones JE, Seidenberg M, Hermann BP The relative impact of anxiety, depression, and clinical seizure features on health-related quality of life in epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2004;45:544-550.
Gur-Ozmen S, Leibetseder A, Cock HR, Agrawal N, von Oertzen TJ. Screening of anxiety and quality of life in people with epilepsy. Seizure. 2017;45:107-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2016.11.026
Kimiskidis VK, Valeta T. Epilepsy and anxiety: epidemiology, classification, etiology, and treatment. Epileptic Disord. 2012;14:248-256. https://doi.org/10.1684/epd.2012.0524
Kazakovzev BA. Psihicheskie rasstrojstva pri ehpilepsii. Monografiya. 2-e izd., pererab. i dop. M.: Izdatel’stvo Prometej; 2015. (In Russ.)
Avedisova AS. The relationship between schizophrenia and epilepsy: the history and current state of the problem. Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2016;116(9):126-132. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro201611691126-132
Kaplan PW. Epilepsy and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2010;12:241-248.
Dunn DW, Austin JK, Perkins SM. Prevalence of psychopathology in childhood epilepsy: categorical and dimensional measures. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2009;51:364-372. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2008.03172.x
Beletsky V, Mirsattari SM. Epilepsy, Mental Health Disorder, or Both? Epilepsy Research and Treatment. 2012;2012:163731. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/163731
Dmitrenko DV, Shnaider NA, Govorina YuB, Shapovalova EA, Muravieva AV, Gazenkampf KA, Kantimirova EA, Dyuzakova AV. Uroven’ depressii i trevogi u zhenshchin reproduktivnogo vozrasta, stradayushchih ehpilepsiej. Izvestiya Samarskogo Nauchnogo Centra Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk. 2014;16(5-4):1273-1276. (In Russ)
Kalinin VV. Organicheskie psihicheskie rasstrojstva v MKB-10: nesovershenstvo kriteriev diagnostiki ili psevdodiagnosticheskie kategorii. Social’naya i Klinicheskaya Psihiatriya. 2014;24(3):42-44. (In Russ)
Haut SR, Hall CB, Masur J, Lipton RB. Seizure occurrence: precipitants and prediction. Neurology. 2007;69:1905-1910. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000278112.48285.84
Kanner AM. Ictal panic and interictal panic attacks: diagnostic and therapeutic principles. Neurol Clin. 2011;29(1):163-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ncl.2010.11.002
Perini GI, Tosin C, Carraro C, Bernasconi G, Canevini MP, Canger R, Pellegrini A, Testa G. Interictal mood and personality disorders in temporal lobe epilepsy and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1996;61:601-605.
Sazgar M, Carlen PL, Wennberg R. Panic attack semiology in right temporal lobe epilepsy. Epileptic Disord. 2003;5:93-100.
Moore D, Jefferson J. Panic disorder. 2nd edition. St Louis (MO): Mosby; 2004.
Chong DJ, Dugan P; EPGP Investigators. Ictal fear: Associations with age, gender, and other experiential phenomena. Epilepsy Behav. 2016;62:153-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.05.017
Edeh J, Toone B. Relationship between interictal psychopathology and the type of epilepsy. Results of a survey in general practice. Br J Psychiatry. 1987;151:95-101.
Altintas E, Yerdelen VD, Taskintuna N. Social Anxiety Level in Adult Patients With Epilepsy and Their First-Degree Cohabiting Relatives. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2015;27(4):339-344. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.neuropsych.15030061
Bear DM, Fedio P. Quantitative Analysis of Interictal Behavior in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Arch Neurol. 1977;34(8):454-467. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.1977.00500200014003
Kanner AM, Soto A, Gross-Kanner H. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of postictal psychiatric symptoms in partial epilepsy. Neurology. 2004;62:708-713.
Krishnamoorthy ES, Trimble MR, Blumer D. The classification of neuropsychiatric disorders in epilepsy: a proposal by the ILAE Commission on Psychobiology of Epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 2007;10(3):349-353.
Trimble MR. Psychiatric and psychological aspects of epilepsy. In Porter RJ, Morselli PL. The epilepsies. London: Butterworths; 1985.
Hesdorffer DC, Ishihara L, Mynepalli L, Webb DJ, Weil J, Hauser WA. Epilepsy, suicidality, and psychiatric disorders: a bidirectional association. Ann Neurol. 2012;72:184-191. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.23601
Ettinger AB, Copeland LA, Zeber JE, Van Cott AC, Pugh MJ. Are psychiatric disorders independent risk factors for new-onset epilepsy in older individuals? Epilepsy Behav. 2010;17:70-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2009.10.010
Loney JC, Wirrell EC, Sherman EM, Hamiwka LD. Anxiety and depressive symptoms in children presenting with a first seizure. Pediatr Neurol. 2008;39:236-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2008.07.005
Adelow C, Andersson T, Ahlbom A, Tomson T. Hospitalization for psychiatric disorders before and after onset of unprovoked seizures/epilepsy. Neurology. 2012;78:396-401. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e318245f461
Maroufi A, Khomand P, Ahmadiani S, Alizadeh NS, Gharibi F. Prevalence and quality of anxiety in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 2014;32:34-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.12.029
Hesdorffer DC, Caplan R, Berg AT. Familial clustering of epilepsy and behavioral disorders: evidence for a shared genetic basis. Epilepsia. 2012;53:301-307. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2011.03351.x
Schenkel LC, Bragatti JA, Becker JA, Torres CM, Martin KC, de Souza AC, Bragatti JA, Becker JA, Torres CM, Martin KC, de Souza AC, Manfro GG, Leistner-Segal S, Bianchin MM. Serotonin gene polymorphisms and psychiatry comorbidities in temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Res. 2012;99:260-266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2011.12.005
Kanner AM. Psychiatric comorbidities and epilepsy: is it the old story of the chicken and the egg? Ann Neurol. 2012;72:153-155. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.23679
Harden CL, Goldstein MA, Ettinger A. Anxiety Disorders in Epilepsy. In: Ettinger A, Kanner A, editors. Psychiatric Issues in Epilepsy. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams &Wilkins; 2007.
Savic I, Lindstrom P, Gulyas B, Halldin C, Andree B, Farde L. Limbic reductions of 5-HT1A receptor binding in human temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurology. 2004;62:1343-13451.
Neumeister A, Bain E, Nugent AC, Carson RE, Bonne O, Luckenbaugh DA, Eckelman W, Herscovitch P, Charney DS, Drevets WC. Reduced serotonin type 1A receptor binding in panic disorder. J Neurosci. 2004;24:589-591. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4921-03.2004
Jobe PC, Mishra PK, Browning RA, Wang C, Adams-Curtis LE, Ko KH, Dailey JW. Noradrenergic abnormalities in the genetically epilepsy-prone rat. Brain Res Bull. 1994;35:493-504.
Arain AM. Pregabalin in the management of partial epilepsy. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. 2009;5:407-413.
Haut S, Lipton R, Cornes S, Dwivedi A, Wasson R, Cotton S, Strawn J, Privitera M. Behavioral interventions as a treatment for epilepsy. Neurology. 2018;90(11):963-970.
Blackmon K, Barr WB, Carlson C, Devinsky O, Dubois J, Pogash D, Quinn BT, Kuzniecky R, Halgren E, Thesen T. Structural evidence for involvement of a left amygdalaorbitofrontal network in subclinical anxiety. Psychiatry Res. 2011;194:296-303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2011.05.007
Mayberg HS, Liotti M, Brannan SK, McGinnis S, Mahurin RK, Jerabek PA, Silva JA, Tekell JL, Martin CC, Lancaster JL, Fox PT. Reciprocal limbic-cortical function and negative mood: converging PET findings in depression and normal sadness. Am J Psychiatry. 1999;156(5):675-682.
Bronen RA, Cheung G, Charles JT. Kim JH, Spencer DD, Spencer SS, Sze G, McCarthy G. Imaging findings in hyppocampal sclerosis: correlation with pathology. American Journal of Neuroradiology. 1991;12:933-944.
Elst LT, Groffmann M, Ebert D, Schulze-Bonhage A. Amygdala volume loss in patients with dysphoric disorder of epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 2009;16(1):105-112.