The site of the Media Sphera Publishers contains materials intended solely for healthcare professionals.
By closing this message, you confirm that you are a certified medical professional or a student of a medical educational institution.

Login
EN
+7 (495) 482-4118
+7 (495) 482-0604
+8 800 250-18-12
  • (toll-free number for subscriptions)
    Mon-Fri from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.

  • © 1998-2025
+7 (495) 482-43-29
EN
All journals
Journal
Year
Year
Search result: 0

Belova A.N.

Yaroslavl Regional Clinical Oncological Hospital, Yaroslavl, Russia

Rasteryaeva M.V.

Privolzskyi Federal Medical Research Center, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

Zhulina N.I.

Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

Belova E.M.

Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Nizhniy Novgorod

Boĭko A.N.

KGBUZ "Krasnoiarskiĭ kraevoĭ Tsentr po profilaktike i bor'be so SPID i infektsionnymi zabolevaniiami"

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and rebound syndrome in multiple sclerosis patients who stopped disease modification therapy: current understanding and a case report

Authors:

Belova A.N., Rasteryaeva M.V., Zhulina N.I., Belova E.M., Boĭko A.N.

More about the authors

Journal: S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2017;117(2‑2): 74‑84

DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20171172274-84

Views: 10559

Downloaded: 163

Download PDF (RU)
Contact the author
Table of contents

IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME AND REBOUND SYNDROME IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS PATIENTS WHO STOPPED DISEASE MODIFICATION THERAPY: CURRENT UNDERSTANDING AND A CASE REPORT
IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME AND REBOUND SYNDROME IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS PATIENTS WHO STOPPED DISEASE MODIFICATION THERAPY: CURRENT UNDERSTANDING AND A CASE REPORT

To cite this article:

Belova AN, Rasteryaeva MV, Zhulina NI, Belova EM, Boĭko AN. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and rebound syndrome in multiple sclerosis patients who stopped disease modification therapy: current understanding and a case report. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2017;117(2‑2):74‑84. (In Russ.)
https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro20171172274-84

Подписка 2025-2 (S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry (special issues))
 
МСФ на ЯМ
Close metadata
Recommended articles:
Biobanking in clinical trials invo­lving multiple scle­rosis patients. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2024;(7-2):7-15
The diagnostic effe­ctiveness of criteria for neuromyelitis optica spectrum diso­rders in the Russian clinical practice. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2024;(7-2):16-25
Adhe­rence to treatment in the mana­gement of patients with multiple scle­rosis. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2024;(7-2):26-32
Opti­mal patient profile for ofatumumab treatment: analysis of Russian data from the Phase 3 study. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2024;(7-2):37-42
The effect of pregnancy on multiple scle­rosis. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2024;(7-2):43-49
A role of cere­brovascular diseases in the progression of multiple scle­rosis. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2024;(5):53-57
Opti­cal cohe­rence tomo­graphy in the diagnosis of multiple scle­rosis. Russian Annals of Ophthalmology. 2024;(3):59-68
Questionnaires for arm function asse­ssment in patients with multiple scle­rosis. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2024;(6):36-42
Features of primary forms of headache in multiple scle­rosis. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2024;(6):70-73
Neurofilament light chain: a diagnostic pote­ntial for multiple scle­rosis. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2024;(6):115-119

More and more multiple sclerosis patients have been receiving treatment with new immunomodulatory drugs. Its discontinuation because of side-effects, lack of efficacy or pregnancy has been increasing as well. This paper reviews such severe complications of natalizumab and fingolimod cessation as immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) and rebound. The short history, immunopathogenesis and diagnostic criteria of IRIS in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus infection are covered. Clinical and radiological presentations as well as possible pathogenic mechanisms of IRIS in patients treated with natalizumab and fingolimod are discussed. The authors also report the case of a woman with multiple sclerosis treated with fingolimod, who experienced a severe relapse when she stopped treatment. Diagnostic criteria and prognostic factors for IRIS and rebound are needed in patients with multiple sclerosis who discontinue the new disease modification therapy.

Keywords:

multiple sclerosis
immune reconstitution inflammatory responses (IRIS)
rebound
natalizumab
fingolimod

Authors:

Belova A.N.

Yaroslavl Regional Clinical Oncological Hospital, Yaroslavl, Russia

Rasteryaeva M.V.

Privolzskyi Federal Medical Research Center, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

Zhulina N.I.

Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

Belova E.M.

Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Nizhniy Novgorod

Boĭko A.N.

KGBUZ "Krasnoiarskiĭ kraevoĭ Tsentr po profilaktike i bor'be so SPID i infektsionnymi zabolevaniiami"

List of references:

  1. Havla J, Kleiter I, Kümpfel T. Bridging, switching or drug holidays — how to treat a patient who stops natalizumab? Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2013;9:361-369. doi:10.2147/TCRM.S41552
  2. Honce J, Nagae L, Nyberg E. Neuroimaging of Natalizumab Complications in Multiple Sclerosis: PML and Other Associated Entities. Mult Scler Int. 2015;809252. Published online 2015 Sep 21. doi:10.1155/2015/809252
  3. Matievskaya NV. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV-infected patients: risk factors, clinical manifestations, outcomes, prevention. Bulletin of the Baltic Federal University named after Kant. 2012;7:44-51. (In Russ.).
  4. Shelburne SA, Visnegarwalaa F, Darcourtc J, Graviss EA, Giordano TP, White AC Jr, Hamill RJ. Incidence and risk factors for immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome during highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 2005;19(4):-399-406.
  5. Breton G, Duval X, Estellat C, Poaletti X, Bonnet D, Mvondo Mvondo D, Longuet P, Leport C, Vildé JL. Determinants of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in HIV Type 1-Infected Patients with Tuberculosis after Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2004;39:1709-1712.
  6. Johnson T, Nath A. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and the central nervous system. Curr Opin Neurol. 2011;24(3):284-290. doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e328346be57
  7. Kusnezova N.V. Clinical Pharmacology: textbook. 2-end. 2013;272. (In Russ.).
  8. Kotov SV, Yakushina TI, Lidgvoj VU. Rebound phenomen and restoration of activity of multiple sclerosis after the fingolimod treatment termination. RMJ. 2014;22:1596-1599. (In Russ.).
  9. West TW, Cree BAC. Natalizumab dosage suspension: are we helping or hurting? Annals of Neurology. 2010;68(3):395-399. doi:10.1002/ana.22163
  10. Jacobson MA, Zegans M, Pavan PR, O'Donnell JJ, Sattler F, Rao N, Owens S, Pollard R. Cytomegalovirus retinitis after initiation of HAART. Lancet. 1997;349:1443-1445.
  11. Race EM, Adelson-Mitty J, Kriegel GR, Barlam TF, Reimann KA, Letvin NL, Japour AJ. Focal mycobacterial lymphadenitis following initiation of protease-inhibitor therapy in patients with advanced HIV-1 disease. Lancet. 1998;351:252-255.
  12. Murdoch DM, Venter W, Rie A, Feldman C. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS): review of common infectious manifestations and treatment options. AIDS Research and Therapy. 2007;4(1):4-9.
  13. Shelburne SA 3rd, Hamill RJ, Rodriguez-Barradas MC, Greenberg SB, Atmar RL, Musher DW, Gathe JC Jr, Visnegarwala F, Trautner BW:Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome:emer-gence of a unique syndrome during highly active antiretroviral therapy. Medicine (Baltimore). 2002;81(3):213-227.
  14. Jevtović D, Salemović D, Ranin J, Pesić I, Zerjav S, Djurković-Djaković O. The prevalence and risk of immune restoration disease in HIV-infected patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. British HIV Association HIV Medicine. 2005;6:140-143.
  15. Meintjes G, Boulle A. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in a large multicenter cohort study: case definition and comparability. Expert review of anti-infective therapy. 2012;10(7):737-741.
  16. Müller M, Wandel S, Colebunders R, Attia S, Furrer H, Egger M. IeDEA Southern and Central Africa. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in patients starting antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2010;10(4):251-221. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(10)70026-8
  17. Novak, RM, Richardson JT, Buchacz K, Chmiel JS, Durham MD, Palella FJ, Wendrow A, Wood K, Young B, Brooks JT. HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS) Investigators.. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: incidence and implications for mortality AIDS. 2012;26(6):721-730. doi:10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283511e91
  18. Ratnam, I, Chiu C, Kandala NB, Easterbrook PJ. Incidence and risk factors for immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in an ethnically diverseHIV type 1-infected cohort. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;42(3):418-427.
  19. Shelburne SA, Montes M, Hamil RJ. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: more answers, more questions. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2006;57:167-170.
  20. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in HIV-infected patients. New York State Department of Health AIDS Institute. Guidelines Working Group. 2009. Available at: http:www.hivguidelines.org/clinical-guidelines/adults/immune-reconstitution-inflammatory-syndrome-iris-in-hiv-infected-patients
  21. Kleinschmidt-Demasters BK, Miravalle A, Schowinsky J, Corboy J, Vollmer T. Update on PML and PML-IRIS occurring in multiple sclerosis patients treated with natalizumab. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology. 2012;71(7):604-617. doi:10.1097/NEN.0b013e31825caf2c
  22. Johnson T, Nath A. Neurological complications of immune reconstitution in HIV-infected populations. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010;1184:106-120. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05111
  23. French MA, Price P, Stone SF. Immune restoration disease after antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 2004;18:1615-1627.
  24. Lortholary O, Fontanet A, Mémain N, Martin A, Sitbon K, Dromer F. Incidence and risk factors of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome complicating HIV-associated cryptococcosis in France. AIDS. 2005;19:1043-1049.
  25. Miller RF, Isaacson PG, Hall-Craggs M, Lucas S, Gray F, Scaravilli F, An SF. Cerebral CD8 + lymphocytosis in HIV-1 infected patients with immune restoration induced by HAART. Acta Neuropathol. 2004;108:17-23.
  26. Gray F, Bazille C, Adle-Biassette H, Mikol J, Moulignier A, Scaravilli F. Central nervous system immune reconstitution disease in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients receiving highly active antiretroviral treatment. J Neurovirol. 2005;11(suppl 3):16-22.
  27. Torok ME, Kambugu A, Wright E. Immune reconstitution disease of the central nervous system. Curr Opin HIV. AIDS. 2008;3:438-445.
  28. Cinque P, Bossolasco S, Brambilla AM, Boschini A, Mussini C, Pierotti C, Campi A, Casari S, Bertelli D, Mena M, Lazzarin A. The effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy — induced immune reconstitution on development and outcome of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: study of 43 cases with review of the literature. J Neurovirol. 2003;9(suppl 1):73-78.
  29. Miralles P, Berenguer J, Lacruz C, Cosín J, López JC, Padilla B, Muñoz L, García-de-Viedma D. Inflammatory reactions in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 2001;15:1900-1902.
  30. Stuve O, Marra CM, Jerome KR, Cook L, Cravens PD, Cepok S, Frohman EM, Phillips JT, Arendt G, Hemmer B, Monson NL, Racke MK. Immune surveillance in multiple sclerosis patients treated with natalizumab. Ann Neurol. 2006;59(5):743-747. doi:10.1002/ana.20858
  31. Bloomgren G, Richman S, Hotermans C, Subramanyam M, Goelz S, Natarajan A, Lee S, Plavina T, Scanlon JV, Sandrock A, Bozic C. Risk of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(20):1870-1880. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1107829
  32. Huang D, Cossoy M, Li M, Choi D, Taege A, Staugaitis SM, Rehm S, Ransohoff RM. Inflammatory progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients. Ann Neurol. 2007;62:34-39.
  33. French MA. HIV/AIDS: Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: A reappraisal. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48:101-107.
  34. Gea-Banacloche JC, Clifford Lane H. Immune reconstitution in HIV infection. AIDS. 1999;13(suppl):25-38.
  35. Ledergerber B, Egger M, Erard V, Weber R, Hirschel B, Furrer H, Battegay M, Vernazza P, Bernasconi E, Opravil M, Kaufmann D, Sudre P, Francioli P, Telenti A. AIDS-related opportunistic illnesses occurring after initiation of potent antiretroviral therapy: the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. JAMA. 1999;282(23):2220-2226.
  36. Phillips P, Bonner S, Gataric N, Bai T, Wilcox P, Hogg R, O'Shaughnessy M, Montaner J. Nontuberculous mycobacterial immune reconstitution syndrome in HIV-infected patients: spectrum of disease and long-term follow-up. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;41:1483-1497.
  37. Stoma IO, Dobrovolskaya YuV, Vasilenko AI. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: modern points of view and own studies. Medical Journal. 2013;4:43-50. (In Russ.).
  38. French MA. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: immune restoration disease 20 years on. The Medical journal of Australia. 2012;196(5): 318-321.
  39. Manabe YC, Campbell JD, Sydnor E, Moore RD. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: risk factors and treatment implications. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007;46:456-462.
  40. Grant PM, Komarow L, Andersen J, Sereti I, Pahwa S, Lederman MM, Eron J, Sanne I, Powderly W, Hogg E, Suckow C, Zolopa A. Risk factor analyses for immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in a randomized study of early vs. deferred ART during an opportunistic infection. PLoS One. 2010;5(7):11416. doi:10.1371
  41. Beishuizen SJ, Geerlings SE. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: immunopathogenesis, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Neth J Med. 2009;67(10):327-331.
  42. Bucy RP, Hockett RD, Derdeyn CA, Saag MS, Squires K, Sillers M, Mitsuyasu RT, Kilby JM. Pat Initial increase in blood CD4+ lymphocytes after HIV antiretroviral therapy reflects redistribution from lymphoid tissues. J Clin Invest. 1999;103(10):1391-1398.
  43. Lim A, Tan D, Price P, Kamarulzaman A, Tan HY, James I, French MA. Proportions of circulating T cells with a regulatory cell phenotype increase with HIV-associated immune activation and remain high on antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 2007;21:1525-1534.
  44. Breton G, Adle-Biassette H, Therby A, Ramanoelina J, Choudat L, Bissuel F, Huerre M, Dromer F, Dupont B, Lortholary O. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV-infected patients with disseminated histoplasmosis. AIDS. 2006;20:119-132.
  45. Martin-Blondel G, Bauer J, Cuvinciuc V, Uro-Coste E, Debard A, Massip P, Delisle MB, Lassmann H, Marchou B, Mars LT, Liblau RS. In situ evidence of JC virus control by CD8+ T cells in PML-IRIS during HIV infection. Neurology. 2013;81:964-970. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182a43e6d
  46. Mutimer HP, Akatsuka Y, Manley T, Chuang EL, Boeckh M, Harrington R, Jones T, Riddell SR. Association between immune recovery uveitis and a diverse intraocular cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic T cell response. J Infect Dis. 2002;186:701-705.
  47. Boulware DR, Meya DB, Bergemann TL, Wiesner DL, Rhein J, Musubire A, Lee SJ, Kambugu A, Janoff EN, Bohjanen PR. Clinical Features and Serum Biomarkers in HIV Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome after Cryptococcal Meningitis: A Prospective Cohort Study. PLoS Med. 2010;21;7(12):1000384. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000384
  48. Clark BM, Krueger RG, Price P, French M. Compartmentalization of the immune response in varicella zoster virus immune restoration disease causing transverse myelitis. AIDS. 2004;18:1218-1221.
  49. Rushing EJ, Liappis A, Smirniotopoulos JD, Smith AB, Henry JM, Man YG, Nelson AM. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome of the brain: Case illustrations of a challenging entity. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2008;67:819-827.
  50. McComsey GA, Whalen CC, Mawhorter SD, Asaad R, Valdez H, Patki AH, Klaumunzner J, Gopalakrishna KV, Calabrese LH, Lederman MM. Placebo-controlled trial of prednisolone in advanced HIV-1 infection. AIDS. 2001;15:321-327
  51. Park WB, Choe PG, Jo JH, Kim SH, Bang JH, Kim HB, Kim NJ, Oh MD, Choe KW. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in the first year after HAART: influence on long-term clinical outcome. AIDS. 2006;20:2390-2392.
  52. Singh N, Lortholary O, Alexander BD, Gupta KL, John GT, Pursell K, Munoz P, Klintmalm GB, Stosor V, del Busto R, Limaye AP, Somani J, Lyon M, Houston S, House AA, Pruett TL, Orloff S, Humar A, Dowdy L, Garcia-Diaz J, Kalil AC, Fisher RA, Husain S. Cryptococcal Collaborative Transplant Study Group. An immune reconstitution syndrome-like illness associated with Cryptococcus neoformans infection in organ transplant recipients. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;40(12):1756-1761.
  53. Cheng VCC, Yuen KY, Wong SSY. Immunorestitution diseases in patients not infected with HIV. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2001;20(6):402-406.
  54. Sun H-Y, Singh N. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in non-HIV immunocompromised patients. Current opinion in infectious diseases. 2009;22(4):394-402.
  55. Foulon G, Wislez M, Naccache JM, Blanc FX, Rabbat A, Israël-Biet D, Valeyre D, Mayaud C, Cadranel J. Sarcoidosis in HIV-infected patients in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;38:418-425.
  56. Bilu D, Mamelak AJ, Nguyen RH, Queiroz PC, Kowalski J, Morison WL, Martins CR. Clinical and epidemiologic characterization of photosensitivity in HIV-positive individuals. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2004;20(4):175-183.
  57. Crum NF, Ganesan A, Johns ST, Wallace MR. Graves disease: an increasingly recognized immune reconstitution syndrome. AIDS. 2006;20:466-469.
  58. Bhagat R, Rizzieri DA, Vredenburgh JJ, Chao NJ, Folz RJ. Pulmonary sarcoidosis following stem cell transplantation: is it more than a chance occurrence? Chest. 2004;126:642-644.
  59. Thachil J, Jadhav V, Gautam M, McKew S, Arumainathan A, Collins D, Smyth C, Harper J, Pettitt A. The development of sarcoidosis with the use of alemtuzumab — clues to T-cell immune reconstitution. Br J Haematol. 2007;138:559-560.
  60. Hohlfeld R. Multiple sclerosis: treatment and prospects. In: Raine C.S., McFarland H.F., Hohlfeld R. (eds). Multiple sclerosis: a comprehensive text. Elsevier. 2008;303-332.
  61. Polman CH, O'Connor PW, Havrdova E, Hutchinson M, Kappos L, Miller DH, Phillips JT et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of natalizumab for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(9):899-910. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa044397
  62. Dubey D, Zhang Y, Graves D, DeSena A, Frohman E, Greenberg B. Use of interleukin-2 for management of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: case report and review of literature. Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2016;9(3):211-215. doi:10.1177/1756285615621029
  63. Calabrese L. A rational approach to PML for the clinician. Clev Clin J Med. 2011;78(suppl 2):38-41.
  64. Gorelik L, Lerner M, Bixler S, Crossman M, Schlain B, Simon K, Pace A, Cheung A, Chen LL, Berman M, Zein F, Wilson E, Yednock T, Sandrock A, Goelz SE, Subramanyam M. Anti-JC virus antibodies: implications for PML risk stratification. Ann Neurol. 2010;68(3):295-303. doi:10.1002/ana.22128
  65. Salhofer-Polanyi S, Baumgartner A, Kraus J, Maida E, Schmied M, Leutmezer F. What to expect after natalizumab cessation in a real-life setting. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. 2014;130(2):97-102. doi:10.1111/ane.12250
  66. Calic Z, Cappelen-Smith C, Hodgkinson SJ, McDougall A, Cuganesan R, Brew BJ. Treatment of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome with intravenous immunoglobulin in a patient with multiple sclerosis treated with fingolimod after discontinuation of natalizumab. J Clin Neurosci. 2015;22(3):598-600. doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2014.08.016
  67. Miravalle A, Jensen R, Kinkel RP. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in patients with multiple sclerosis following cessation of natalizumab therapy. Archives of Neurology. 2011;68(2):186-191. doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.257
  68. Vellinga MM, Castelijns JA, Barkhof F, Uitdehaag BMJ, Polman CH. Postwithdrawal rebound increase in T2 lesional activity in natalizumab-treated MS patients. Neurology. 2008;70(13):1150-1151. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000265393.03231.e5
  69. Lindberg RL, Achtnichts L, Hoffmann F, Kuhle J, Kappos L. Natalizumab alters transcriptional expression profiles of blood cell subpopulations of multiple sclerosis patients. J Neuroimmunol. 2008;194:153-164. doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2007.11.007
  70. Gheuens S, Smith DR, Wang X, Alsop DC, Lenkinski RE, Koralnik IJ. Simultaneous PML-IRIS after discontinuation of natalizumab in a patient with MS. Neurology. 2012;78:1390-1393. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000423208.11698.16
  71. Vermersch P, Kappos L, Gold R, Foley JF, Olsson T, Cadavid D, Bozic C, Richman S. Clinical outcomes of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Neurology. 2011;76(20):1697-1704. doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e31821a446b
  72. Clifford DB, De Luca A, Simpson DM, Arendt G, Giovannoni G, Nath A. Natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with multiple sclerosis: lessons from 28 cases. Lancet Neurol. 2010;9(4):438-446. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70028-4
  73. Metz I, Radue EW, Oterino A, Kumpfel T, Wiendl H, Schippling S, Kuhle J, Sahraian MA, Gray F, Jakl V, Häusler D, Brück W. Pathology of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in multiple sclerosis with natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Acta Neuropathol. 2012;123(2):235-245. doi:10.1007/s00401-011-0900-5
  74. Wattjes MP, Richert ND, Killestein J, de Vos M, Sanchez E, Snaebjornsson P, Cadavid D, Barkhof F. The chameleon of neuroinflammation: magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Mult Scler. 2013;19:1826-1840. doi:10.1177/1352458513510224
  75. Yousry TA, Pelletier D, Cadavid D, Gass A, Richert ND, Radue EW, Filippi M. Magnetic resonance imaging pattern in natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Annals of Neurology. 2012;72(5):779-787. doi:10.1002/ana.23676
  76. Gheuens S, Ngo L, Wang X, Alsop DC, Lenkinski RE, Koralnik IJ. Metabolic profile of PML lesions in patients with and without IRIS: an observational study. Neurology. 2012;79:1041-1048. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e318268465b
  77. Khoury MN, Alsop DC, Agnihotri SP, Pfannl R, Wuthrich C, Ho ML, Hackney D, Ngo L, Anderson MP, Koralnik IJ. Hyperintense cortical signal on magnetic resonance imaging reflects focal leukocortical encephalitis and seizure risk in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Ann Neurol. 2014;75:659-669. doi:10.1002/ana.24144
  78. Tan IL, McArthur JC, Clifford DB, Major EO, Nath A. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in natalizumab-associated PML. Neurology. 2011;77(11):1061-1067. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e31822e55e7
  79. Aly L, Yousef S, Schippling S, Jelcic I, Breiden P, Matschke J, Schulz R, Bofill-Mas S, Jones L, Demina V, Linnebank M, Ogg G, Girones R, Weber T, Sospedra M, Martin R. Central role of JC virus-specific CD4+ lymphocytes in progressive multi-focal leucoencephalopathy-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. Brain. 2011;134(9):2687-2702. doi:10.1093/brain/awr206
  80. Lenhard T, Biller A, Mueller W, Metz I, Schonberger J, Wildemann B. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome after withdrawal of natalizumab? Neurology. 2010;75(9):831-833.
  81. Schwab N, Hohn KG, Schneider-Hohendorf T, Metz I, Stenner MP, Jilek S, Du Pasquier RA, Gold R, Meuth SG, Ransohoff RM, Brück W, Wiendl H. Immunological and clinical consequences of treating a patient with natalizumab. Mult Scler. 2012;18:335-344. doi:10.1177/1352458511421919
  82. N'gbo N'gbo Ikazabo R, Mostosi C, Quivron B, Delberghe X, El Hafsi K, Lysandropoulos AP. Immune-reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated With Natalizumab: A Series of 4 Cases. Clin Ther. 2016;38(3):670-675. doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2016.01.010
  83. Kappos L, Bates D, Edan G, Eraksoy M, Garcia-Merino A, Grigoriadis N, Hartung HP, Havrdová E, Hillert J, Hohlfeld R, Kremenchutzky M, Lyon-Caen O, Miller A, Pozzilli C, Ravnborg M, Saida T, Sindic C, Vass K, Clifford DB, Hauser S, Major EO, O'Connor PW, Weiner HL, Clanet M, Gold R, Hirsch HH, Radü EW, Sørensen PS, King J. Natalizumab treatment for multiple sclerosis: updated recommendations for patient selection and monitoring. The Lancet Neurology. 2011;10(8):745-758. doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(11)70149-1
  84. Antoniol C, Jilek S, Schluep M, Mercier N, Canales M, Le Goff G, Campiche C, Pantaleo G, Du Pasquier RA. Impairment of JCV-specific T-cell response by corticotherapy: effect on PML-IRIS management? Neurology. 2012;79(23):2258-2264. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182768983
  85. Giacomini PS, Rozenberg A, Metz I, Araujo D., Arbour N., Bar-Or A. Maraviroc in Multiple Sclerosis — Associated PML — IRIS (MIMSAPI) Group. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(5):486-488. doi:10.1056/NEJMc1304828
  86. Evangelopoulos ME, Koutoulidis V, Kilidireas K, Evangelopoulos D-S, Nakas G, Andreadou E, Moulopoulos LA. Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome Mimicking Progressive Multifocal Leucoencephalopathy in a Multiple Sclerosis Patient Treated With Natalizumab: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. J Clin Med Res. 2015;7(1):65-68. doi:10.14740/jocmr1888w
  87. Papeix C, Depaz R, Tourbah A, Stankoff B, Lubetzki C. Dramatic worsening following plasma exchange in severe post-natalizumab withdrawal multiple sclerosis relapse. Mult Scler. 2011;17(12):1520-1522
  88. Rigau V, Mania A, Béfort P, Carlander B, Jonquet O, Lassmann H, Camu W, Thouvenot E. Lethal multiple sclerosis relapse after natalizumab withdrawal. Neurology. 2012;79(22):2214-2216. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e318275979d
  89. Blair NF, Brew BJ, Halpern JP. Natalizumab-associated PML identified in the presymptomatic phase using MRI surveillance. Neurology. 2012;78(7):507-508. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e318246d6d8
  90. Sorensen PS, Koch-Henriksen N, Petersen T, Ravnborg M, Oturai A, Sellebjerg F. Recurrence or rebound of clinical relapses after discontinuation of natalizumab therapy in highly active MS patients. Journal of Neurology. 2014;261(6):1170-1177. doi:10.1007/s00415-014-7325-8
  91. Kerbrat A, Le Page E, Leray E, Anani T, Coustans M, Desormeaux C, Guiziou C, Kassiotis P, Lallement F, Laplaud D, Diraison P, Rouhart F, Sartori E, Wardi R, Wiertlewski S, Edan G. Natalizumab and drug holiday in clinical practice: an observational study in very active relapsing remitting Multiple Sclerosis patients. Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 2011;308(1-2):98-102. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2011.05.043
  92. Beume L-A, Dersch R, Fuhrer H, Stich O, Rauer S, Niesen WD. Massive exacerbation of multiple sclerosis after withdrawal and early restart of treatment with natalizumab. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience. 2015;22(2):400-401. doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2014.05.028
  93. Jokubaitis VG, Li V, Kalincik T, Izquierdo G, Hodgkinson S, Alroughani R, Lechner-Scott J, Lugaresi A, Duquette P, Girard M, Barnett M, Grand'Maison F, Trojano M, Slee M, Giuliani G, Shaw C, Boz C, Spitaleri DL, Verheul F, Haartsen J, Liew D, Butzkueven H; MSBase Study Group. Fingolimod after natalizumab and the risk of short-term relapse. Neurology. 2014;82(14):1204-1211. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000000283
  94. Fox RJ, Cree BA, De Sèze J, Gold R, Hartung HP, Jeffery D, Kappos L, Kaufman M, Montalbán X, Weinstock-Guttman B, Anderson B, Natarajan A, Ticho B, Duda P. MS disease activity in RESTORE: a randomized 24-week natalizumab treatment interruption study. Neurology. 2014;82(17):1491-1498. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000000355
  95. Mulero P, Neri MJ, Rodriguez M, Arenillas JF, Téllez N. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and natalizumab-Is it possible before removing the drug? Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2014;3(5):659-661. doi:10.1016/j.msard.2014.07.001
  96. Chaves C, Ganguly R, Dionne C, Camac A. Relapse and rebound risks after natalizumab discontinuation in patients with multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2015;84(14 suppl):3.294.
  97. Clerico M, Schiavetti I, De Mercanti SF, Piazza F, Gned D, Brescia Morra V, Lanzillo R, Ghezzi A, Bianchi A, Salemi G, Realmuto S, Sola P, Vitetta F, Cavalla P, Paolicelli D, Trojano M, Sormani M.P, Durelli L. Treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis after 24 doses of natalizumab: evidence from an Italian spontaneous, prospective, and observational study (the TY-STOP Study). JAMA Neurol. 2014;71(8):954-960. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.1200
  98. Vorobyeva AA, Simaniv TO, Zakharova MN, Zavalishin IA, Peresodova AV. Experience of Using Natalizumab (Tysabri) at the Research Center of Neurology. Effective Pharmacotherapy. 2014;52:1-10. (In Russ.).
  99. Clares RH, Torres RC, Carreon E, Andreu E, La Llana JM, Fernandez M. Risk of rebound in multiple sclerosis after a switch from natalizumab to fingolimod. Early onset versus delayed onset. (P3.291) Neurology. 2015;84(14 suppl):3.294.
  100. Stuve O, Cravens PD, Frohman EM, Phillips JT, Remington GM, von Geldern G, Cepok S, Singh MP, Tervaert JW, De Baets M, MacManus D, Miller DH, Radü EW, Cameron EM, Monson NL, Zhang S, Kim R, Hemmer B, Racke MK. Immunologic, clinical, and radiologic status 14 months after cessation of natalizumab therapy. Neurology. 2009;72(5):396-401. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000327341.89587.76
  101. O'Connor PW, Goodman A, Kappos L, Lublin FD, Miller DH, Polman C, Rudick RA, Aschenbach W, Lucas N. Disease activity return during natalizumab treatment interruption in patients with multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2011;76(22):1858-1865. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e31821e7c8a
  102. Clifford D. Neurological IRIS: Riding the Tide of Immune Recovery. Curr Opin Neurol. 2015;28(3):295-301. doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000200
  103. Frisullo G, Iorio R, Plantone D, Marti A, Nociti V, Patanella AK, Batocchi AP. CD4+T-bet+, CD4+pSTAT3+andCD8+T-bet+T cells accumulate in peripheral blood during NZB treatment. Mult Scler. 2011;17:556-566. doi:10.1177/1352458510392263
  104. Havla J, Gerdes LA, Meinl I, Krumbholz M, Faber H, Weber F, Pellkofer HL, Hohlfeld R, Kümpfel T. De-escalation from natalizumab in multiple sclerosis: recurrence of disease activity despite switching to glatiramer acetate. J Neurol. 2011;258(9):1665-1669. doi:10.1007/s00415-011-5996-y
  105. Killestein J, Vennegoor A, Strijbis EM, Seewann A, van Oosten BW, Uitdehaag BM, Polman CH. Natalizumab drug holiday in multiple sclerosis: poorly tolerated. Ann Neurol. 2010;68(3):392-395. doi:10.1002/ana.22074
  106. Chun J, Hartung HP. Mechanism of Action of Oral Fingolimod (FTY720) in Multiple Sclerosis. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2010;33(2):91-101.
  107. Eliseeva DD, Peresodova AV, Askarova LS, Adarcheva LS, Zakharova MN, Stoyda NI, Vasilev AV, Trifonova OV, Zavalishina IA. Experience with Fingolimod in the Treatment of Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis in Russia. Neurology. 2014;6(52):24-29. (In Russ.).
  108. Lyashenko E.A. Fingolimod in the framework of the modern approach to the treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis. RMJ. 2011;31:1974-1975. (In Russ.).
  109. Brinkmann V, Chen S, Feng L, Pinschewer D, Nikolova Z, Hof R. FTY720 alters lymphocyte homing and protects allografts without inducing general immunosuppression. Transplant Proc. 2001;33(1-2):530-531.
  110. Berger B, Baumgartner A, Rauer S, Mader I, Luetzen N, Farenkopf U, Stich O. Severe disease reactivation in four patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis after fingolimod cessation. J Neuroimmunol. 2015;282:118-122. doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.03.022
  111. Beran RG, Hegazi Y, Schwartz RS, Cordato DJ. Rebound exacerbation multiple sclerosis following cessation of oral treatment. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2013;2(3):252-255. doi:10.1016/j.msard.2012.11.001
  112. De Masi R, Accoto S, Orlando S, De Blasi V, Pasca S, Scarpello R, Spagnolo L, Idolo A, De Donno A. Dramatic recovery of steroid-refractory relapsed multiple sclerosis following Fingolimod discontinuation using selective immune adsorption. BMC. Neurol. 2015;15:125. doi:10.1186/s12883-015-0377-2
  113. Faissner S, Hoepner R, Lukas C, Chan F, Gold R, Ellrichmann G. Tumefactive multiple sclerosis lesions in two patients after cessation of fingolimod treatment. Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2015;8(5):233-238. doi:10.1177/1756285615594575
  114. Hatcher SE, Waubant E, Nourbakhsh B, Crabtree-Hartman E, Graves JS. Rebound Syndrome in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis After Cessation of Fingolimod Treatment. JAMA Neurol. 2016;73(7):790-794. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.0826
  115. Jander S, Turowski B, Kieseier B, Hartung H. Emerging tumefactive multiple sclerosis after switching therapy from natalizumab to Fingolimod. Mult Scler. 2012;18:1650-1652.
  116. La Mantia L, Prone V, Marazzi MR, Erminio C, Protti A. Multiple sclerosis rebound after fingolimod discontinuation for lymphopenia. Neurol Sci. 2014;35:1485-1486. doi:10.1007/s10072-014-1800-y
  117. Ghezzi A, Rocca MA, Baroncini D, Annovazzi P, Zaffaroni M, Minonzio G, Comi G, Filippi M. J Neurol. 2013;260(1):327-329. doi:10.1007/s00415-012-6744-7
  118. Havla JB, Pellkofer HL, Meinl I, Gerdes LA, Hohlfeld R, Kümpfel T. Rebound of Disease Activity After Withdrawal of Fingolimod (FTY720) Treatment. Arch Neurol. 2012;69(2):262-264. doi:10.1001/archneurol.2011.1057
  119. Hakiki B, Portaccio E, Giannini M, Razzolini L, Pastò L, Amato MP. Withdrawal of fingolimod treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: report of six cases. Mult Scler. 2012;18:1636-1639. doi:10.1177/1352458512454773
  120. Salam S, Mihalova T, Siripurapu R. Severe tumefactive rebound of multiple sclerosis following fingolimod cessation. BMJ Case Rep. 2016. pii: bcr2016215596 doi: 10.1136/bcr-2016-215596
  121. Alroughani R, Almulla A, Lamdhade S, Thussu A. Multiple sclerosis reactivation postfingolimod cessation: is it IRIS? BMJ Case Rep. 2014. doi:10.1136/bcr-2014-206314
  122. Killestein J, Vennegoor A, van Golde AEL, Bourez RLJH, Wijlens MLB, Wattjes MP. PML-IRIS during Fingolimod Diagnosed after Natalizumab Discontinuation. Case Reports in Neurological Medicine. 2014;ID 307872. doi:10.1155/2014/307872
  123. Popova E, Melnikov M, Boiko A, Murugin VV, Paschenkov MV. Questions of management of patients with hard-to-treat remitting multiple sclerosis. Medical Council. 2015;10:63-65. (In Russ.).
  124. Cavone L, Felici R, Lapucci A, Buonvicino D, Pratesi S, Pratesi S, Muzzi M, Hakiki B, Maggi L, Peruzzi B, Caporale R, Annunziato F, Amato MP, Chiarugi A. Dysregulation of sphingosine 1 phosphate receptor-1 (S1P1) signaling and regulatory lymphocyte-dependent immunosuppression in a model of post-fingolimod MS rebound. Brain Behav Immun. 2015;50:78-86. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2015.06.019

Close metadata

Contact the author
Email
Message
The publishing house "Media Sphere" does not provide treatment services, does not give recommendations on contacting medical institutions and specific specialists, on the prescription of medicines and dietary supplements.

Email Confirmation

An email was sent to test@gmail.com with a confirmation link. Follow the link from the letter to complete the registration on the site.

Email Confirmation

Contact us
If you have any questions, complaints or suggestions, please use this feedback form.
Email
Message
The publishing house "Media Sphere" does not provide treatment services, does not give recommendations on contacting medical institutions and specific specialists, on the prescription of medicines and dietary supplements.
Submit Application

You can become an author of one of our magazines, send a request and we will consider it in during the day.

Name
Phone
E-mail
Message
Login
Registration
E-mail
Password
Forgot Password?

Log in to the site using your account in one of the services

Password recovery
E-mail
Login
Register

We use cооkies to improve the performance of the site. By staying on our site, you agree to the terms of use of cооkies. To view our Privacy and Cookie Policy, please. click here.