The development of prophylactic treatment is one of most challenging and socially significant aspects of modern pediatrics. To-day, a great variety of natural and artificial physical factors are employed to protect and/or restore the health of the children and to improve it. The broad scope of non-medicamentous technologies used for the purpose makes it possible to elaborate prophylactic programs adapted to the specific requirements of individual patients at all levels of medical care including therapeutic and prophylactic, spa and resort institutions, educational institutions, health improvement and recreational camps of different types, and home care.