Risk factors associated with myopic maculopathy in acquired myopia

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PURPOSE

This study aimed to identify factors associated with the development of myopic maculopathy (MM) in patients with acquired myopia.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The study included a total of 135 patients (41 men, 94 women; 135 eyes) over 30 years old with acquired myopia and axial length (AL) of 26 mm. Forty-six patients had MM, while 89 (66%) had no macular changes. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) and B-scan ultrasound of the eyes were performed to detect staphylomas of the posterior pole sclera. OCT was used to assess corneal stromal thickness and choroidal thickness. Corneal biomechanics were measured using the Corvis ST device, and ocular vessel hemodynamics were evaluated using color Doppler imaging. Binary logistic regression was employed, with a multivariable logistic model built for each of these potential risk factors, adjusted for sex, age, AL, and spherical equivalent (SE).

RESULTS

Age, AL, SE, and extra-macular myopic changes were significantly associated with the presence of MM. Of the seven qualitative risk factors studied, the presence of extra-macular changes, staphyloma, and wide macular staphyloma localization were statistically significant. Among the quantitative factors, significant associations were found with the width and depth of staphyloma, the area of the ultrasound cross-section of staphyloma (W×D), choroidal thickness in all examined zones, all corneal stromal thickness parameters, corneal deformation amplitude (DA), curvature radius highest concavity (radius HC), and corneal peak distance (PD).

CONCLUSION

The statistically significant risk factors associated with MM were age, AL, SE, the presence and size of staphylomas, choroidal and corneal stromal thickness, as well as several parameters characterizing corneal biomechanical properties. The strongest associations with MM were found for corneal PD, staphyloma depth, and choroidal thickness in the nasal perifovea.

Keywords:

myopic maculopathy

risk factors

scleral staphyloma

corneal thickness

Authors:

Kolenko O.V.

Khabarovsk branch of the S.N. Fedorov National Medical Research Centre “MNTK “Eye Microsurgery”;
Postgraduate Institute for Public Health Specialists;
Far-Eastern State Medical University

ORCID: 0000-0001-7501-5571

Bushnina L.V.

Khabarovsk branch of the S.N. Fedorov National Medical Research Centre “MNTK “Eye Microsurgery”

ORCID: 0000-0002-9839-8429

Pashentsev I.E.

Khabarovsk branch of the S.N. Fedorov National Medical Research Centre “MNTK “Eye Microsurgery”

ORCID: 0000-0001-5446-0633

Pomytkina N.V.

Khabarovsk branch of the S.N. Fedorov National Medical Research Centre “MNTK “Eye Microsurgery”;
Far-Eastern State Medical University

ORCID: 0000-0003-3757-8351

Sorokin E.L.

Khabarovsk branch of the S.N. Fedorov National Medical Research Centre “MNTK “Eye Microsurgery”;
Far-Eastern State Medical University

ORCID: 0000-0002-2028-1140

Received:

26.01.2024

Accepted:

14.04.2024

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