The site of the Media Sphera Publishers contains materials intended solely for healthcare professionals.
By closing this message, you confirm that you are a certified medical professional or a student of a medical educational institution.

Login
EN
+7 (495) 482-4118
+7 (495) 482-0604
+8 800 101-59-87
  • (toll-free number for subscriptions)
    Mon-Fri from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.

  • © 1998-2025
+7 (495) 482-43-29
EN
All journals
Journal
Year
Year
Search result: 0

Brovkina A.F.

Russian Medical Academy of Postdegree Education, Moscow, Russia

Local treatment of choroidal melanoma: possibilities and limitations

Authors:

Brovkina A.F.

More about the authors

Journal: Russian Annals of Ophthalmology. 2018;134(4): 52‑60

DOI: 10.17116/oftalma201813404152

Views: 3175

Downloaded: 83

Download PDF (RU)
Contact the author
Table of contents

To cite this article:

Brovkina AF. Local treatment of choroidal melanoma: possibilities and limitations. Russian Annals of Ophthalmology. 2018;134(4):52‑60. (In Russ.)
https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma201813404152

Подписка 2025 (Russian Annals of Ophthalmology)
 
МСФ на ЯМ
Close metadata
Recommended articles:
Predicting the effe­ctiveness of organ-preserving treatment of choroidal mela­noma using opti­cal cohe­rence tomo­graphy data. Russian Annals of Ophthalmology. 2024;(2-2):16-20
Epigenetic markers of choroidal mela­noma. Russian Annals of Ophthalmology. 2024;(3):5-10
Proton beam therapy and photodynamic therapy in organ-preserving treatment of uveal mela­noma. P.A. Herzen Journal of Onco­logy. 2024;(4):59-65

Local treatment of choroidal melanoma (CM) attracts the attention of many ophthalmology specialists, especially in recent years as the capabilities to target irradiation at small objects and possibilities of surgical interventions on the eyeball have expanded. The article discusses the medical indications for local treatment of CM. Review of literature of the last 16 years and author's own observations on CM patients who underwent almost all kinds of conventional methods of local treatment allowed thorough analysis of indications and counter-indications for their usage. Among the authors who favor local destruction and removal of large CM, the main indication is the possibility to preserve vision and anatomical structures of the eye. This led to unreasonably wide spread of local destruction (removal) of large CM, primarily the endovitreal resection method. However, such metastasis risk factors as CM size and its localization are being overlooked. Literature analysis and author’s own observations helped validate the unsafety of the local treatment of large CM. The article features long-term results of contact and distant radiation therapy, and presents CM metrics for best therapeutic effect.

Keywords:

choroidal melanoma
transpupillary thermotherapy
brachytherapy of choroidal melanoma
transscleral and endoresection of choroidal melanoma

Authors:

Brovkina A.F.

Russian Medical Academy of Postdegree Education, Moscow, Russia

List of references:

  1. Egan KM, Seddon JM, Glynn RJ, Gragoudas ES, Albert DA. Epidemiologic aspects of uveal melanoma. Surv Ophthalmol. 1988;32(4):239-251.
  2. Helgadottir H, Höiom V. The genetics of uveal melanoma: current insights. Appl Clin Genet. 2016;9:47-55. https://doi.org/10.2147/TACG.S69210
  3. Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Group. Trends in size and treatment of recently diagnosed choroidal melanoma, 1987—1997: findings from patients examined at Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) centers: COMS report no. 20. Arch Ophthalmol. 2003;121(8):1156-1162. https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.121.8.1156
  4. Schmidt-Pokrzywnian A, Jòckel KN, Bornfeld N, Stang A. Case-control study on uveal melanoma (RIFA):rational and design. BMC Ophthalmol. 2004;4(8):4-11.
  5. Panova IE, Vazhenina DA, Pilat AV. Pervichnie vnutriglaznie zlokachestvennie opuholi v Chelyabinskoy oblasti — kliniko-epidemiologicheskie aspekti. Sovremennie tehnologii v differentcial’noy diagnostike i lecenii ]vnutriglaznih opuholey. M. 2007;25-29. (In Russ.)
  6. Wilkes SR, Robertson RI, Kurland LT, Campbell RJ. Incidence of uveal malignant melanoma in the resident population of Rochester and Olmsted County, Minnesota. Am J Ophthalmol. 1979;87(5):639-641.
  7. Damato B. Detection of uveal melanoma by optometrists in the United Kingdom. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2001;21(4):268-271.
  8. Eskelin S, Kivelä T. Mode of presentation and time to treatment of uveal melanoma in Finland. Br J Ophthalmol. 2002;86(3):333-338.
  9. Panova IE, Pilat AV, Bukhtiyarova NV. Mnogokomponentnoe lechenie uveal’noy melanomi. Oftalmohirurgiya. 2007;2:24-27. (In Russ.)
  10. Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Group. Factors predictive of growth and treatment of small choroidal melanoma: COMS Report No. 5. Arch Ophthalmol. 1997;115(12):1537-1544.
  11. Brovkina AF, Stoyukhina AS, Chesalin IP. Size-based classification of choroidal melanoma and its role in treatment decision-making. Vestnik Oftal’mologii. 2016;132(2):4-7. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma201613224-7
  12. Brovkina AF, Borisova ZL. Optimization of indications for transpupillary thermotherapy for choroidal melanomas. Vestnik Oftal’mologii. 2010;126(4):48-52. (In Russ.)
  13. Brovkina AF, Panova IE. Complications of transpupillary thermotherapy for choroidal melanomas and possibilities for their prevention. Vestnik Oftal’mologii. 2010;126(3):18-21. (In Russ.)
  14. Turcotte S, Bergeron D, Rousseau AP, Mouriaux F. Primary transpupillary thermotherapy for choroidal indeterminate melanocytic lesions. Can J Ophthalmol. 2014;49(5):464-467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjo.2014.07.011
  15. Mashayekhi A, Shields CL, Rishi P, Atalay HT, Pellegrini M, McLaughlin JP, Patrick KA, Morton SJ Remmer MH, Parendo A, Schlitt MA, Shields JA. Primary transpupillary thermotherapy for choroidal melanoma in 391 cases: importance of risk factors in tumor control. Ophthalmology. 2015;122(3):600-609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.09.029
  16. Shanmugam MP, De Potter P, Gopal L, Biswas J, Bhende MP. Current concepts in the management of adult intraocular tumours. Indian J Ophthalmol. 1997;45(3):143-147.
  17. Seregard S, Landau I. Transpupillary thermotherapy as an adjunct to ruthenium plaque radiotherapy for choroidal melanoma. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2001;79(1):19-22.
  18. De Potter P. Approches thérapeutiques actuelles du mélanome de la choroïde. J Fr Ophtalmol. 2002;25(2):203-211.
  19. Bartalema YM, Oosterhuis JA, Journée-De Korver JG, Tjho-Heslinga RE, Keunen JE. Combined plaque radiotherapy and transpupillary thermotherapy in choroidal melanoma: 5 years’ experience. Br J Ophthalmol. 2003;87(11):1370-1373.
  20. Linnik LF, Magaramov DA, Yarovoy AA, Semina TS, Bulgakova ES. Trekhletniy opit ispol’zovaniya transpupillyarnoy diodlazernoy termoterapii kak samostoyatel’nogo metoda lecheniya uveal’nih melanoma. Oftal’mohirurgiya. 2003;4:17-24. (In Russ.)
  21. Brovkina AF. Current aspects of treatment for choroidal melanomas: problems, controversial questions. Vestnik oftal’mologii. 2006;122(1):13-16. (In Russ.)
  22. Yarovoy AA, Magaramov DA, Bulgakova ES. Results of 10-year use of complex treatment of choroidal melanoma stage T2 with brachytherapy and transpupillary thermotherapy. Vestnik oftal’mologii. 2011;127(1):38-42. (In Russ.)
  23. Kreusel KM, Bechrakis N, Riese J, Krause L, Wachtlin J, Foerster MH. Combined brachytherapy and transpupillary thermotherapy for large choroidal melanoma: tumor regression and early complications. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2006;244(12):1575-1580.
  24. Sánchez-Tabernero S, García-Alvarez C, Muñoz-Moreno MF, Diezhandino P, Alonso-Martínez P, de Frutos-Baraja JM, López-Lara F, Saornil MA. Pattern of Local Recurrence After I-125 Episcleral Brachytherapy for Uveal Melanoma in a Spanish Referral Ocular Oncology Unit. Am J Ophthalmol. 2017;180:39-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2017.05.019
  25. Heindl LM, Lotter M, Strnad V, Sauer R, Naumann GO, Knorr HL. Hochdosisbrachytherapie des malignen Aderhaut- und Ziliarkörpermelanoms mit 106Ruthenium. Der Ophthalmologe. 2007;104(2):149-157.
  26. Margo CE. The Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study: an overview. Cancer Control. 2004;11(5):304-309.
  27. Bergman L, Nilsson B, Lundell G, Lundell M, Seregard S. Ruthenium brachytherapy for uveal melanoma, 1979—2003: survival and functional outcomes in the Swedish population. Ophthalmology. 2005;112(5):834-840.
  28. Saakyan SV, Panteleeva OG, Shirina TV. Estimation of long-term survival in uveal melanoma after organ-preserving treatment and enucleation. Rossiyskiy oftal’mologicheskiy zhurnal. 2011;4(1):67-70. (In Russ.)
  29. Yarovoy AA, Magaramov DA. Choroidal melanoma stage T2 higher than 6.0 mm: organ-preserving treatment with brachytherapy and transpupillary thermotherapy vs enucleation? Survival analysis. Vestnik oftal’mologii. 2011;127(1):43-46 (In Russ.)
  30. Melia M, Moy CS, Reynolds SM, Hayman JA, Murray TG, Hovland KR, Earle JD, Kurinij N, Dong LM, Miskala PH, Fountain C, Cella D, Mangione CM. Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study-Quality of Life Study Group. Quality of life after iodine 125 brachytherapy vs enucleation for choroidal melanoma: 5-year results from the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study: COMS QOLS Report No. 3. Arch Ophthalmol. 2006;124(2):226-238.
  31. Hawkins BS. Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Group. The Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) randomized trial of pre-enucleation radiation of large choroidal melanoma: IV. Ten-year mortality findings and prognostic factors. COMS report number 24. Am J Ophthalmol. 2004;138(6):936-951.
  32. Stoffelns BM, Schoepfer K, Jochem T, Faldum A. Tumorregression maligner Aderhautmelanome nach Transpupillarer Thermotherapie (TTT) versus Ruthenium-Brachytherapie und Sandwichtherapie — eine vergleichende Analyse. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 2010;227(4):262-268. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1245224
  33. Leonard KL, Gagne NL, Mignano JE, Duker JS, Bannon EA, Rivard MJ. A 17-year retrospective study of institutional results for eye plaque brachytherapy of uveal melanoma using (125)I, (103)Pd, and (131)Cs and historical perspective. Brachytherapy. 2011;10(4):331-339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brachy.2011.01.006
  34. Mosci C, Lanza FB, Barla A, Mosci S, Hérault J, Anselmi L, Truini M. Comparison of clinical outcomes for patients with large choroidal melanoma after primary treatment with enucleation or proton beam radiotherapy. Ophthalmologica. 2012;227(4):190-196. https://doi.org/10.1159/000334401
  35. Kwon HJ, Ko JS, Kim M, Lee CS, Lee SC. Prognosis of choroidal melanoma and the result of ruthenium brachytherapy combined with transpupillary thermotherapy in Korean patients. Br J Ophthalmol. 2013;97(5):653-658. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2012-302584
  36. Stoiukhina AS, Chesalin IP. Survival rates for large choroidal melanomas. Vestnik oftal’mologii. 2014;130(4):39-44. (In Russ.)
  37. Bogdali A, Romanowska-Dixon B. Czynniki ryzyka ponownego wystąpienia czerniaka naczyniówki po brachyterapii Ru-106. Klin Oczna. 2015;117(3):169-172.
  38. Brovkina AF, Stoyukhina AS, Chesalin IP. Choroidal melanoma brachytherapy and secondary enucleation. Oftal’mologicheskie vedomosti. 2014;7(2):69-77. (In Russ.)
  39. Gorovets D, Gagne NL, Melhus CS. Dosimetric and radiobiologic comparison of 103pd coms plaque brachytherapy and gamma knife radiosurgery for choroidal melanoma. Brachytherapy. 2017;16(2):433-443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brachy.2016.12.003
  40. Brovkina AF, Zargarian AE, Khionidi YaN. Radio-induced maculopathy. Vestnik oftal’mologii. 2012;128(2):3-7. (In Russ.)
  41. Panova IE, Mochalova AS, Klevakina YuS. Comparative estimation of quality of life in patients with choroidal melanoma after different treatment options. Opuholi golovyi i shei. 2012;2:67-70. (In Russ.)
  42. Tsai T, O’Brien JM, Engstrom R, Straatsma BR. Extrascleral extension of a choroidal melanoma after argon» photocoagulation and transpupillary thermotherapy. Br J Ophthalmol. 2002;86(3):358-359.
  43. Singh AD, Topham A. Survival rates with uveal melanoma in the United States 1973—1997. Ophthalmology. 2003;110(5):962-965.
  44. Avery RB, Diener-West M, Reynolds SM, Grossniklaus HE, Green WR, Albert DM. Histopathologic characteristics of choroidal melanoma in eyes enucleated after iodine 125 brachytherapy in the collaborative ocular melanoma study. Arch Ophthalmol. 2008;126(2):207-212. https://doi.org/10.1001/archophthalmol.2007.50
  45. Pe’er J, Stefani FH, Seregard S, Kivela T, Lommatzsch P, Prause JU, Sobottka B, Damato B, Chowers I. Cell proliferation activity in posterior uveal melanoma after Ru-106 brachytherapy: an EORTC ocular oncology group study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2001;85(10):1208-1212.
  46. Semenova E, Finger PT. Palladium-103 radiation therapy for small choroidal melanoma. Ophthalmology. 2013;120(11):2353-2357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.04.017
  47. Mueller AJ, Talies S., Schaller UC, Horstmann G., Wowra B., Kampik A. Stereotactic radiosurgery of large uveal melanomas with the gamma-knife. Ophthalmology. 2000;107(7):1381-1387.
  48. Cohen VM, Carter MJ, Kemeny A. Radatz M, Rennie IG. Metastasis- free survival following treatment for uveal melanoma with either stereotactic radiosurgery or enucleation. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2003;4:383-388.
  49. Yazici G, Kiratli H, Ozyigit G, Sari SY, Cengiz M, Tarlan B, Mocan BO, Zorlu F. Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Fractionated Stereotactic Radiation Therapy for the Treatment of Uveal Melanoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2017;98(1):152-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.02.017
  50. Georgopoulos M, Zehetmayer M, Ruhswurm I, Toma-Bstaendig S, Ségur-Eltz N, Sacu S, Menapace R. Tumour regression of uveal melanoma after ruthenium-106 brachytherapy or stereotactic radiotherapy with gamma knife or linear accelerator. Ophthalmologica. 2003;217(5):315-319. https://doi.org/10.1159/000071345
  51. Langmann G, Pendl G, Papaefthymiou G, Guss H. Gamma knife radiosurgery for uveal melanomas: an 8-year experience. J Neurosurg. 2000;93(suppl 3):184-188.
  52. Modorati G, Miserocchi E, Picozzi P, Galli L, Rama E. Gamma knife radiosurgery for uveal melanoma: 12 years of experience. Br J Ophthalmol. 2009;93(1):40-44. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.2008.142208
  53. Reynolds MM, Arnett AL, Parney IF, Kumar R, Laack NN, Maloney PR, Kozelsky TF, Garces YI, Foote RL, Pulido JS. Gamma knife radiosurgery for the treatment of uveal melanoma and uveal metastases. Int J Retina Vitreous. 2017;3:17-21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40942-017-0070-2
  54. Furdová A, Šramka M, Waczulíková I, Chorváth M, Trompak O, Krčová I, Horkovičová K. Stereotaktická redikurgie uveálního melanomu; Komplikace postradiace. Cesk Slov Oftalmol. 2015;71(3):134-142.
  55. Furdova A, Sramka M, Chorvath M, Kralik G, Furda R, Gregus M. Clinical experience of stereotactic radiosurgery at a linear accelerator for intraocular melanoma. Melanoma Res. 2017;27(5):463-468. https://doi.org/10.1097/CMR.0000000000000364
  56. Siedlecki J, Reiterer V, Leicht S, Foerster P, Kortüm K, Schaller U, Priglinger S, Fuerweger C, Muacevic A, Eibl-Lindner K. Incidence of secondary glaucoma after treatment of uveal melanoma with robotic radiosurgery versus brachytherapy. Acta Ophthalmol. 2017;95(8):734-739. https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.13418
  57. Woodburn R, Danis R, Timmerman R, Witt Th, Ciulla Th, Worth R, Bank M, Coffman S. Preliminary experience in the treatment of choroidal melanoma with gamma knife radiosurgery. J Neurosurg. 2000;93(suppl 3):177-179.
  58. Furdova A, Horkovicova K, Justusova P, Sramka M. Is it sufficient to repeat LINEAR accelerator stereotactic radiosurgery in choroidal melanoma? Bratisl Med J. 2016;117(8):456-462. https://doi.org/10.4149/BLL_2016_089
  59. Joye RP, Williams LB, Chan MD, Witkin AJ, Schirmer CM, Mignano JE, Wazer DE, Yao KC, Wu JK, Duker JS. Local control and results of Leksell Gamma Knife therapy for the treatment of uveal melanoma. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2014;45(2):125-131. https://doi.org/10.3928/23258160-20140306-05
  60. Yavuzyigitoglu S, Koopmans AE, Verdijk RM, Vaarwater J, Eussen B, van Bodegom A, Paridaens D, Kiliç E, de Klein A, Rotterdam Ocular Melanoma Study Group. Uveal Melanomas with SF3B1 Mutations. A Distinct Subclass Associated with Late-Onset Metastases. Ophthalmology. 2016;123(5):1118-1128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.01.023
  61. Van den Bosch T, Vaarwater J, Verdijk R, Muller K, Kiliç E, Paridaens D, de Klein A. Naus N. Risk factors associated with secondary enucleation after fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy in uveal melanoma. Acta Ophthalmol. 2015;93(6):555-560. https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.12731
  62. Caminal JM, Padrón-Pérez N, Arias L, Masuet-Aumatell C, Gutiérrez C, Piulats JM, Pera J, Català J, Rubio MJ, Arruga J. Transscleral resection without hypotensive anaesthesia vs iodine-125 plaque brachytherapy in the treatment of choroidal melanoma. Eye (Lond). 2016;30(6):833-842. https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.2016.49
  63. Willerding GD, Cordini D, Moser L, Krause L, Foerster MH, Bechrakis NE. Neoadjuvant proton beam irradiation followed by transscleral resection of uveal melanoma in 106 cases. Br J Ophthalmol. 2016;100(4):463-467. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-307095
  64. Gonzalez P, Kemp EG, Roberts F. Recurrent choroidal melanoma after transscleral local resection with diffuse vitreous seeding. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2010;248(5):741-746. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-009-1261-9
  65. Kivelä T, Puusaari I, Damato B. Transscleral resection versus iodine brachytherapy for choroidal malignant melanomas 6 millimeters or more in thickness: a matched case-control study. Ophthalmology. 2003;110(11):2235-2244.
  66. Bechrakis NE, Petousis V, Willerding G, Krause L, Wachtlin J, Stroux A, Foerster MH. Ten-year results of transscleral resection of large uveal melanomas: local tumour control and metastatic rate. Br J Ophthalmol. 2010;94(4):460-466. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.2009.162487
  67. Rice JC, Stannard C, Cook C, Lecuona K, Myer L, Scholtz RP. Brachytherapy and endoresection for choroidal melanoma: a cohort study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2014;98(1):86-91. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-304006
  68. Garcia-Arumi J, Sarasols L, Martinez V, Corcostegui B. Vitreoretinal surgery and endoresecction in high posterior choroidal melanomas. Retina. 2001;21(5):445-452.
  69. Karkhaneh R, Chams H, Amoli FA, Riazi-Esfahani M, Ahmadabadi MN, Mansouri MR, Nouri K, Karkhaneh A. Long-term surgical outcome of posterior choroidal melanoma treated by endoresection. Retina. 2007;27(7):908-914.
  70. Mejia JM, Arias L, Piulats JM, Gutierrez C, Pera J, Catal J, Rubio M, Arruga J. Endoresection Versus Iodine-125 Plaque Brachytherapy for the Treatment of Choroidal Melanoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 2013;156(2):334-342.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2013.03.036
  71. Chia SN, Smith HB, Hammer HM, Kemp EG. Incidence and indications for pars plana vitrectomy following the treatment of posterior uveal melanomas in Scotland. Eye (Lond). 2015;29(6):748-756. https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.2015.20
  72. Konstantinidis L, Groenewald C, Coupland SE, Damato B. Long-term outcome of primary endoresection of choroidal melanoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 2014;98(1):82-85. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-304022
  73. Damato B, Wong D, Green FD, Mackenzie JM. Intrascleral recurrence of uveal melanoma after transretinal «endoresection». Br J Ophthalmol. 2001;85(1):114-115.
  74. Hadden PV, Hiscott PS, Damato BE. Histopatology of eyes enucleated after endoresection of choroidal melanoma. Ophthalmology. 2004;111(1):154-160.
  75. Furdová A, Strmeň P, Oláh Z, Svetlošáková Z, Kusenda P. Extrascleral přemnožení maligní choroidal melanomu po endoresection. Cesk Slov Oftalmol. 2012;68(4):163-168. [Furdova A, Strmen P, Olah Z, Svetlosakova Z, Kusenda P. Extrascleral overgrowth of malignant choroidal melanoma after endoresection. Cesk Slov Oftalmol. 2012;68(4):163-168 (In Czech.)].
  76. Modarres M, Rezanejad A, Falavarjani KG. Recurrence and massive extraocular extension of choroidal malignant melanoma after vitrectomy and endoresection. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2014;62(6):731-733. https://doi.org/10.4103/0301-4738.136247
  77. Dogrusöz M, Jager MJ, Damato B. Uveal melanoma treatment and prognostication. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila). 2017;6(2):186-196. https://doi.org/10.22608/APO.201734
  78. Gibran SK, Kapoor KG. Management of exudative retinal detachment in choroidal melanoma. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2009;37(7):654-659. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9071.2009.02127.x
  79. Kivelä T, Kujala E. Prognostication in eye cancer: the latest tumor, node, metastasis classification and beyond. Eye (Lond). 2013;27(2):243-252. https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.2012.256
  80. Gündüz K, Bechrakis NE. Exoresection and endoresection for uveal melanoma. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol. 2010;17(3):210-216. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-9233.65494
  81. Biewald E, Lautner H, Gök M, Horstmann GA, Sauerwein W, Flühs D, Bornfeld N. Endoresection of large uveal melanomas: clinical results in a consecutive series of 200 cases. Br J Ophthalmol. 2017;101(2):204-208. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-307076
  82. Folberg R, Hendrix MJ, Maniotis AJ. Vasculogenic mimicry and tumor angiogenesis. Am J Pathol. 2000;156(2):361-381.
  83. Thomas S, Putter C, Weber S, Bornfeld N, Lohmann DR, Zeschnigk M. Prognostic significance of chromosome 3 alterations determined by microsatellite analysis in uveal melanoma: a long-term follow-up study. Br J Cancer. 2012;106(6):1171-1176. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2012.54
  84. Harbour JW, Onken MD, Roberson ED. Duan S, Cao L, Worley LA, Council ML, Matatall KA, Helms C, Bowcock AM. Frequent mutation of BAP1 in metastasizing uveal melanomas. Science. 2010;330(6009):1410-1413. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1194472
  85. Landreville S, Agapova OA, Matatall KA. Kneass ZT, Onken MD, Lee RS, Bowcock AM, Harbour JW. Histone deacetylase inhibitors induce growth arrest and differentiation in uveal melanoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2012;18(2):408-416. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-0946
  86. Onken MD, Worley LA, Long MD. Duan S, Council ML, Bowcock AM, Harbour JW. Oncogenic mutations in GNAQ occur early in uveal melanoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008;49(12):5230-5234. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.08-2145
  87. Van Raamsdonk CD, Griewank KG, Crosby MB, Garrido MC, Vemula S, Wiesner T, Obenauf AC, Wackernagel W, Green G, Bouvier N, Sozen MM, Baimukanova G, Roy R, Heguy A, Dolgalev I, Khanin R, Busam K, Speicher MR, O’Brien J, Bastian BC. Mutations in GNA11 in uveal melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(23):2191-2199. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1000584
  88. Davies BR, Logie A, McKay JS, Martin P, Steele S, Jenkins R, Cockerill M, Cartlidge S, Smith PD. AZD6244 (ARRY-142886), a potent inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase 1/2 kinases: mechanism of action in vivo, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship, and potential for combination in preclinical models. Mol Cancer Ther. 2007;6(8):2209-2219. https://doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-07-0231
  89. Roberts PJ, Stinchcombe TE. KRAS mutation: should we test for it, and does it matter? J Clin Oncol. 2013;31(8):1112-1121. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2012.43.0454

Close metadata

Contact the author
Email
Message
The publishing house "Media Sphere" does not provide treatment services, does not give recommendations on contacting medical institutions and specific specialists, on the prescription of medicines and dietary supplements.

Email Confirmation

An email was sent to test@gmail.com with a confirmation link. Follow the link from the letter to complete the registration on the site.

Email Confirmation

Contact us
If you have any questions, complaints or suggestions, please use this feedback form.
Email
Message
The publishing house "Media Sphere" does not provide treatment services, does not give recommendations on contacting medical institutions and specific specialists, on the prescription of medicines and dietary supplements.
Submit Application

You can become an author of one of our magazines, send a request and we will consider it in during the day.

Name
Phone
E-mail
Message
Login
Registration
E-mail
Password
Forgot Password?

Log in to the site using your account in one of the services

Password recovery
E-mail
Login
Register


We use cооkies to improve the performance of the site. By staying on our site, you agree to the terms of use of cооkies. To view our Privacy and Cookie Policy, please. click here.