OBJECTIVE
To estimate the prognostic value of history of gynecologic and somatic diseases as possible risk factors of gestational diabetes in overweight and alimentary obesity degree I women.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A retrospective anamnestic and lifestyle analysis was performed in 214 pregnant women with a first degree overweight and alimentary obesity: 93 of them (the study group) developed GDM at different terms of pregnancy; 121 women had no carbohydrate metabolism abnormalities (the comparison group). The risk factors of GDM development were estimated in accordance with the table of risk factors developed by the authors of the draft clinical guidelines «Gestational diabetes. Diagnosis, treatment, obstetric management, and postpartum care», 2020. Examination of pregnant women in the groups was carried out in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Health of Russia №1130n of 20.10.20, «On approval of the Order of medical care in the profile «Obstetrics and gynecology» and the current clinical guidelines (protocol) «Gestational diabetes mellitus: diagnosis, treatment, postpartum monitoring», 2014.
RESULTS
No statistically significant differences were found in the structure of previous and concomitant somatic and gynecologic diseases in the patients of the study groups. The influence of social parameters such as employment was also comparable in both groups of pregnant women. Among the anamnestic parameters under review, statistically significant differences were associated with some parameters that could be classified as possible risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus, such as low physical activity, spontaneous abortion in early gestation, and delivery of a large fetus in the anamnesis.
CONCLUSION
The presence of individual risk factors is insufficient to predict gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus who are overweight or of first-degree obesity, but their cumulative effect, which increases the risk, must be taken into account. Further clinical and additional laboratory studies are needed to work out prognostic markers of gestational diabetes mellitus.