Based on their experience (in analyzing the course of pregnancy and outcome of labor in 870 patients with gestational diabetes mellitus) and the results of other investigators' studies, the authors describe methods for the antenatal ultrasound diagnosis of diabetic fetopathy and macrosomia in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. The ultrasound diagnosis of diabetic fetopathy was shown to be made on the basis of detection of macrosomia, visceral signs of diabetic fetopathy, signs of fetoplacental insufficiency, as well as on that of determination of fetal maturity. The procedure may be used in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. The timely diagnosis of the symptom complex of diabetic fetopathy and the determination of fetal maturity are of great importance in clinical practice since they not only allow the effective diagnosis and treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus, but also define delivery and neonatal management in the early neonatal period.