The central principal of personalized medicine is the differentiation between the populations of the healthy and diseased subjects as well as between those exhibiting different responsiveness to various therapeutic modalities. Such distinction is based to a large extent on the specific individual, constitutional, and structural features of various organs and systems, including the maxillofacial region, of different people. The notion of body constitution includes a combination of morphological and functional characteristics pre-determined on the one hand by the hereditary factors and on the other hand by the intense long-term influence of the environmental factors (including biological and social ones). Consideration of individual features of the lower jaw, such as variants of mandibular nerve localization, the form, position, and number of the mandibular openings, relationships between the locations of the tooth roots and the mandibular canal, the role of cross-innervation, from the standpoint of personalized prophylaxis of pathological conditions may prove to be one of the components of personalized dental care.