The demand for surgical treatment methods of patients with pathology of paranasal sinuses necessitates a detailed study of such structure as the periosteum of the maxillary sinus. It is characterized by easy traumatization and weak regenerative potency, especially in the case of the mucoperiosteum/Schneiderian membrane. The differences in the functional aspect of this structure from the classical periosteum determine to study its structural organization.
OBJECTIVE
To study the structural features of the periosteum of the maxilla’s anterior wall in patients with odontogenic maxillary sinusitis.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Histological sections of the periosteum obtained from men aged 36—60 years were studied using light microscopy with the application of morphometry. Two study groups of 10 samples in each were formed. The first group included a biopsy material taken externally from the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus, the second — from the interior. The comparison group consisted of an autopsy periosteum taken at the level of the diaphysis of the tubular bone (5 samples).
RESULTS
A number of similar and distinctive characteristics between the periosteum of different localization has been found. It has been established that all the studied parts of the periosteum have a fibrous layer consisting of bundles of collagen fibers. The periosteum of the maxilla doesn’t have an inner layer, as well as the blood vessels. The most significant differences have been found in the periosteum of the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus in the mucous membrane. It consists of only one bundle of fibers, does not have structural connections with the bone and is connected with its own lamina of the mucous membrane by means of perpendicular fibers in some areas.
CONCLUSION
The study clearly demonstrated variability in the structure of the periosteum. The absence of structural connections between the Schneiderian membrane and bone and the presence of areas of its connection with the mucous membrane allowed to doubt the existence of a structure which is called «periosteum» of the maxillary sinus.
