Introduction. Policy aimed at reducing the prevalence of risk factors (RFs) for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) has been adopted to reduce the incidence, disability, and premature deaths in the Russian Federation population. Due to the fact that the most common RF is tobacco smoking, Federal Law (FL) No. 15-FL «On Protecting the Health of Citizens from the Effects of Second-Hand Tobacco Smoke and the Consequences of Tobacco Consumption» was adopted in the Russian Federation in 2013. Objective — to study the impact of government anti-smoking policy on the incidence of NCDs, as exemplified by chronic bronchitis (CB), the leading RF of which is tobacco smoking in the Russian Federation. Subjects and methods. For morbidity analysis, the investigators used the data of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation on the number of registered patients with new-onset CB per 100.000 people. To rule out the influence of factors, such as climatic and geographical features, industrial and environmental factors, which can also affect the incidence of CB, the analysis included data of 83 regions of the Russian Federation, which differed by the above factors. The analysis was carried out in three age groups: 1) 0—14 years; 2) 15—17 years; 3) 18 years and older. To analyze the impact of the FL, the incidence rate trends were compared for the periods before (Trend 1 in 2009—2013) and after (Trend 2 in 2014—2017) FL issue. The trends were evaluated using a linear regression model. Results. In Group 1 with a traditionally low smoking prevalence, the incidence of CB in the period before FL issue gradually decreased (k= –1.92) and its decrease significantly increased in the period after 2014 (k= –5.47). Group 2 showed an increase in the incidence of CB in the period before FL issue (k=67.26) and its significant decrease in its incidence in the period after 2014 (k= –66.22). The same trend was found for Group 3. Conclusion. The carrying the FL into effect resulted in a decrease in the prevalence of tobacco smoking, as well as in the associated incidence of CB.