The site of the Media Sphera Publishers contains materials intended solely for healthcare professionals.
By closing this message, you confirm that you are a certified medical professional or a student of a medical educational institution.

Login
EN
+7 (495) 482-4118
+7 (495) 482-0604
+8 800 250-18-12
  • (toll-free number for subscriptions)
    Mon-Fri from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.

  • © 1998-2025
+7 (495) 482-43-29
EN
All journals
Journal
Year
Year
Search result: 0

Panevin T.S.

Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology

Yureneva S.V.

Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology

Zotkin E.G.

Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology

Kosheleva N.M.

Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology

Menopausal hormone therapy in rheumatoid arthritis

Authors:

Panevin T.S., Yureneva S.V., Zotkin E.G., Kosheleva N.M.

More about the authors

Journal: Russian Journal of Human Reproduction. 2022;28(1): 149‑158

DOI: 10.17116/repro202228011149

Views: 7253

Downloaded: 164

Download PDF (RU)
Contact the author
Table of contents

MENOPAUSAL HORMONE THERAPY IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
MENOPAUSAL HORMONE THERAPY IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

To cite this article:

Panevin TS, Yureneva SV, Zotkin EG, Kosheleva NM. Menopausal hormone therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Russian Journal of Human Reproduction. 2022;28(1):149‑158. (In Russ.)
https://doi.org/10.17116/repro202228011149

Подписка 2025-2 (Russian Journal of Human Reproduction)
 
МСФ на ЯМ
Close metadata
Recommended articles:
Pathophysiological mechanisms of vascular wall alte­rations in meno­pausal women. Russian Journal of Preventive Medi­cine. 2024;(6):91-97
Coro­nary microvascular dysfunction in rheumatic diseases — what do we know today?. Russian Journal of Preventive Medi­cine. 2024;(9):138-143
Modern view on the possibilities of patients with rheumatoid arthritis remote treatment moni­toring. Russian Journal of Preventive Medi­cine. 2024;(11):40-45
Awareness of women about the prevention and correction of climacteric diso­rders. Russian Journal of Preventive Medi­cine. 2025;(1):57-62

Rheumatoid arthritis is a common and socially significant disease that, in the absence of adequate treatment, leads to severe functional impairment. More often women suffer from rheumatoid arthritis, and the peak onset of this disease falls on the age corresponding to the period of peri- and early postmenopause, which opens up the question of the role of age-related estrogen deficiency in the pathogenesis of this disease, as well as the possibilities of menopausal hormone therapy in preventing the development of or improving it currents. The article presents and critically examines the literature data on the influence of menopause and hormone replacement therapy on the course of rheumatoid arthritis.

Keywords:

rheumatoid arthritis
menopause
hormone replacement therapy

Authors:

Panevin T.S.

Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology

Yureneva S.V.

Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology

Zotkin E.G.

Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology

Kosheleva N.M.

Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology

Received:

05.10.2021

Accepted:

12.12.2021

List of references:

  1. Ngian GS. Rheumatoid arthritis. Australian Family Physician. 2010; 39(9):626-628. 
  2. Humphreys JH, Verstappen SM, Hyrich KL, Chipping JR, Marshall T, Symmons DP. The incidence of rheumatoid arthritis in the UK: comparisons using the 2010 ACR/EULAR classification criteria and the 1987 ACR classification criteria. Results from the Norfolk Arthritis Register. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2013; 72(8):1315-1320. https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-201960
  3. Neovius M, Simard JF, Askling J; ARTIS study group. Nationwide prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis and penetration of disease-modifying drugs in Sweden. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2011; 70(4):624-629.  https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.2010.133371
  4. Safiri S, Kolahi AA, Hoy D, Smith E, Bettampadi D, Mansournia MA, Almasi-Hashiani A, Ashrafi-Asgarabad A, Moradi-Lakeh M, Qorbani M, Collins G, Woolf AD, March L, Cross M. Global, regional and national burden of rheumatoid arthritis 1990-2017: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease study 2017. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2019;78(11):1463-1471. https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215920
  5. Del Junco DJ, Annegers JF, Coulam CB, Luthra HS. The relationship between rheumatoid arthritis and reproductive function. British Journal of Rheumatology. 1989;28(suppl 1):33-45.  https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/xxviii.suppl_1.33
  6. Kuller LH, Mackey RH, Walitt BT, Deane KD, Holers VM, Robinson WH, Sokolove J, Chang Y, Liu S, Parks CG, Wright NC, Moreland LW. Determinants of mortality among postmenopausal women in the women’s health initiative who report rheumatoid arthritis [published correction appears in Arthritis Rheumatol. 2014;66(5): 1394]. Arthritis and Rheumatology. 2014;66(3):497-507.  https://doi.org/10.1002/art.38268
  7. Coulam CB, Adamson SC, Annegers JF. Incidence of premature ovarian failure. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1986;67(4):604-606. 
  8. Zhen X, Qiao J, Li R, Wang L, Liu P. Serologic autoimmunologic parameters in women with primary ovarian insufficiency. BMC Immunology. 2014;15:11.  https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2172-15-11
  9. Košir Pogačnik R, Meden Vrtovec H, Vizjak A, Uršula Levičnik A, Slabe N, Ihan A. Possible role of autoimmunity in patients with premature ovarian insufficiency. International Journal of Fertility and Sterility. 2014;7(4):281-290. 
  10. Forges T, Monnier-Barbarino P, Faure GC, Béné MC. Autoimmunity and antigenic targets in ovarian pathology. Human Reproduction Update. 2004;10(2):163-175.  https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmh014
  11. Mignot MH, Schoemaker J, Kleingeld M, Rao BR, Drexhage HA. Premature ovarian failure. I: The association with autoimmunity. European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 1989;30(1):59-66.  https://doi.org/10.1016/0028-2243(89)90094-4
  12. Grossmann B, Saur S, Rall K, Pecher AC, Hübner S, Henes J, Henes M. Prevalence of autoimmune disease in women with premature ovarian failure. The European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care. 2020;25(1):72-75.  https://doi.org/10.1080/13625187.2019.1702638
  13. Karakus S, Sahin A, Durmaz Y, Aydin H, Yildiz C, Akkar O, Dogan M, Cengiz A, Cetin M, Cetin A. Evaluation of ovarian reserve using anti-müllerian hormone and antral follicle count in Sjögren’s syndrome: Preliminary study. The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research. 2017;43(2):303-307.  https://doi.org/10.1111/jog.13216
  14. Euthymiopoulou K, Aletras AJ, Ravazoula P, Niarakis A, Daoussis D, Antonopoulos I, Liossis SN, Andonopoulos AP. Antiovarian antibodies in primary Sjogren’s syndrome. Rheumatology International. 2007;27(12):1149-1155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-007-0364-z
  15. Henes M, Froeschlin J, Taran FA, Brucker S, Rall KK, Xenitidis T, Igney-Oertel A, Lawrenz B, Henes JC. Ovarian reserve alterations in premenopausal women with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases: impact of rheumatoid arthritis, Behçet’s disease and spondyloarthritis on anti-Müllerian hormone levels. Rheumatology. 2015; 54(9):1709-1712. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kev124
  16. Brouwer J, Laven JS, Hazes JM, Schipper I, Dolhain RJ. Levels of serum anti-Müllerian hormone, a marker for ovarian reserve, in women with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care and Research. 2013; 65(9):1534-1538. https://doi.org/10.1002/acr.22013
  17. Brouwer J, Dolhain RJEM, Hazes JMW, Visser JA, Laven JSE. Reduced Ovarian Function in Female Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Trying to Conceive. ACR Open Rheumatology. 2019;1(5):327-335.  https://doi.org/10.1002/acr2.11043
  18. Eudy AM, McDaniel G, Hurd WW, Clowse MEB. Fertility and Ovarian Reserve among Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis. The Journal of Rheumatology. 2019;46(5):455-459.  https://doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.180176
  19. Wong LE, Huang WT, Pope JE, Haraoui B, Boire G, Thorne JC, Hitchon CA, Tin D, Keystone EC, Bykerk VP; Canadian Early Arthritis Cohort Investigators. Effect of age at menopause on disease presentation in early rheumatoid arthritis: results from the Canadian Early Arthritis Cohort. Arthritis Care and Research. 2015;67(5): 616-623.  https://doi.org/10.1002/acr.22494
  20. Singh JA, Saag KG, Bridges SL Jr, Akl EA, Bannuru RR, Sullivan MC, Vaysbrot E, McNaughton C, Osani M, Shmerling RH, Curtis JR, Furst DE, Parks D, Kavanaugh A, O’Dell J, King C, Leong A, Matteson EL, Schousboe JT, Drevlow B, Ginsberg S, Grober J, St Clair EW, Tindall E, Miller AS, McAlindon T. 2015 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatology. 2016;68(1):1-26.  https://doi.org/10.1002/art.39480
  21. Smolen JS, Landewé R, Breedveld FC, Buch M, Burmester G, Dougados M, Emery P, Gaujoux-Viala C, Gossec L, Nam J, Ramiro S, Winthrop K, de Wit M, Aletaha D, Betteridge N, Bijlsma JW, Boers M, Buttgereit F, Combe B, Cutolo M, Damjanov N, Hazes JM, Kouloumas M, Kvien TK, Mariette X, Pavelka K, van Riel PL, Rubbert-Roth A, Scholte-Voshaar M, Scott DL, Sokka-Isler T, Wong JB, van der Heijde D. EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2013 update. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2014;73(3):492-509.  https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204573
  22. Bines J, Oleske DM, Cobleigh MA. Ovarian function in premenopausal women treated with adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 1996;14(5):1718-1729. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1996.14.5.1718
  23. De Araujo DB, Yamakami LY, Aikawa NE, Bonfá E, Viana VS, Pasoto SG, Pereira RM, Serafin PC, Borba EF, Silva CA. Ovarian reserve in adult patients with childhood-onset lupus: a possible deleterious effect of methotrexate? Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology. 2014;43(6):503-511.  https://doi.org/10.3109/03009742.2014.908237
  24. Ostensen M, Aune B, Husby G. Effect of pregnancy and hormonal changes on the activity of rheumatoid arthritis. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology. 1983;12(2):69-72.  https://doi.org/10.3109/03009748309102886
  25. Silman A, Kay A, Brennan P. Timing of pregnancy in relation to the onset of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1992; 35(2):152-155.  https://doi.org/10.1002/art.1780350205
  26. Straub RH. The complex role of estrogens in inflammation. Endocrine Reviews. 2007;28(5):521-574.  https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2007-0001
  27. Islander U, Jochems C, Lagerquist MK, Forsblad-d’Elia H, Carlsten H. Estrogens in rheumatoid arthritis; the immune system and bone. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 2011;335(1):14-29.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2010.05.018
  28. Cutolo M, Sulli A, Villaggio B, Seriolo B, Accardo S. Relations between steroid hormones and cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 1998;57(10):573-577.  https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.57.10.573
  29. Pfeilschifter J, Köditz R, Pfohl M, Schatz H. Changes in proinflammatory cytokine activity after menopause. Endocrine Reviews. 2002; 23(1):90-119.  https://doi.org/10.1210/edrv.23.1.0456
  30. Schulze-Koops H, Kalden JR. The balance of Th1/Th2 cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis. Best Practice and Research. Clinical Rheumatology. 2001;15(5):677-691.  https://doi.org/10.1053/berh.2001.0187
  31. Hughes GC, Clark EA. Regulation of dendritic cells by female sex steroids: relevance to immunity and autoimmunity. Autoimmunity. 2007;40(6):470-481.  https://doi.org/10.1080/08916930701464764
  32. Wallenius M, Skomsvoll JF, Irgens LM, Salvesen KA, Koldingsnes W, Mikkelsen K, Kaufmann C, Kvien TK. Postpartum onset of rheumatoid arthritis and other chronic arthritides: results from a patient register linked to a medical birth registry. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2010;69(2):332-336.  https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.2009.115964
  33. Brennan P, Silman A. Breast-feeding and the onset of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1994;37(6):808-813.  https://doi.org/10.1002/art.1780370605
  34. Barrett JH, Brennan P, Fiddler M, Silman A. Breast-feeding and postpartum relapse in women with rheumatoid and inflammatory arthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2000;43(5):1010-1015. https://doi.org/10.1002/1529-0131(200005)43:5<1010::AID-ANR8; 3.0.CO;2-O
  35. Pikwer M, Bergström U, Nilsson JÅ, Jacobsson L, Turesson C. Early menopause is an independent predictor of rheumatoid arthritis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2012;71(3):378-381.  https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.2011.200059
  36. Karlson EW, Mandl LA, Hankinson SE, Grodstein F. Do breast-feeding and other reproductive factors influence future risk of rheumatoid arthritis? Results from the Nurses’ Health Study. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2004;50(11):3458-3467. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.20621
  37. Spector TD, Roman E, Silman AJ. The pill, parity, and rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1990;33(6):782-789.  https://doi.org/10.1002/art.1780330604
  38. Beydoun HA, el-Amin R, McNeal M, Perry C, Archer DF. Reproductive history and postmenopausal rheumatoid arthritis among women 60 years or older: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Menopause. 2013;20(9):930-935.  https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0b013e3182a14372
  39. Banas T, Hajdyla-Banas I, Pitynski K, Niewegłowska D, Juszczyk G, Ludwin A, Knafel A, Ludwin I. Age at natural menopause in women on long-term methotrexate therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Menopause. 2016;23(10):1130-1138. https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000000674
  40. Yarde F, van der Schouw YT, de Valk HW, Franx A, Eijkemans MJ, Spiering W, Broekmans FJ; OVADIA study group. Age at menopause in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus: the OVADIA study. Human Reproduction. 2015;30(2):441-446.  https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deu327
  41. Brand JS, Onland-Moret NC, Eijkemans MJ, Tjønneland A, Roswall N, Overvad K, Fagherazzi G, Clavel-Chapelon F, Dossus L, Lukanova A, Grote V, Bergmann MM, Boeing H, Trichopoulou A, Tzivoglou M, Trichopoulos D, Grioni S, Mattiello A, Masala G, Tumino R, Vineis P, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Weiderpass E, Redondo ML, Sánchez MJ, Castaño JM, Arriola L, Ardanaz E, Duell EJ, Rolandsson O, Franks PW, Butt S, Nilsson P, Khaw KT, Wareham N, Travis R, Romieu I, Gunter MJ, Riboli E, van der Schouw YT. Diabetes and onset of natural menopause: results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Human Reproduction. 2015;30(6):1491-1498. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dev054
  42. Pikwer M, Nilsson JÅ, Bergström U, Jacobsson LT, Turesson C. Early menopause and severity of rheumatoid arthritis in women older than 45 years. Arthritis Research and Therapy. 2012;14(4):R190. https://doi.org/10.1186/ar4021
  43. Merlino LA, Cerhan JR, Criswell LA, Mikuls TR, Saag KG. Estrogen and other female reproductive risk factors are not strongly associated with the development of rheumatoid arthritis in elderly women. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2003;33(2):72-82.  https://doi.org/10.1016/s0049-0172(03)00084-2
  44. Bengtsson C, Malspeis S, Orellana C, Sparks JA, Costenbader KH, Karlson EW. Association Between Menopausal Factors and the Risk of Seronegative and Seropositive Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results From the Nurses’ Health Studies. Arthritis Care and Research. 2017; 69(11):1676-1684. https://doi.org/10.1002/acr.23194
  45. Olsson AR, Skogh T, Wingren G. Aetiological factors of importance for the development of rheumatoid arthritis. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology. 2004;33(5):300-306.  https://doi.org/10.1080/03009740310004748
  46. Rödström K, Bengtsson C, Lissner L, Björkelund C. Reproducibility of self-reported menopause age at the 24-year follow-up of a population study of women in Göteborg, Sweden. Menopause. 2005; 12(3):275-280.  https://doi.org/10.1097/01.gme.0000135247.11972.b3
  47. Eun Y, Jeon KH, Han K, Kim D, Kim H, Lee J, Lee DY, Yoo JE, Shin DW. Menopausal factors and risk of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis in postmenopausal women: a nationwide cohort study of 1.36 million women. Scientific Reports. 2020;10(1):20793. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-77841-1
  48. Camacho EM, Lunt M, Farragher TM, Verstappen SM, Bunn DK, Symmons DP. The relationship between oral contraceptive use and functional outcome in women with recent-onset inflammatory polyarthritis: results from the Norfolk Arthritis Register. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2011;63(8):2183-2191. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.30416
  49. Jorgensen C, Picot MC, Bologna C, Sany J. Oral contraception, parity, breast feeding, and severity of rheumatoid arthritis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 1996;55(2):94-98.  https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.55.2.94
  50. Brennan P, Bankhead C, Silman A, Symmons D. Oral contraceptives and rheumatoid arthritis: results from a primary care-based incident case-control study. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1997;26(6):817-823.  https://doi.org/10.1016/s0049-0172(97)80025-x
  51. Vandenbroucke JP, Valkenburg HA, Boersma JW, Cats A, Festen JJ, Huber-Bruning O, Rasker JJ. Oral contraceptives and rheumatoid arthritis: further evidence for a preventive effect. Lancet. 1982; 2(8303):839-842.  https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(82)90809-1
  52. Jeong HS, Hong SJ, Choi SJ, Kim JH, Song GG, Jung JH. Effects of oral contraceptives on rheumatoid arthritis in Korean menopausal women: A nationwide cross-sectional study. Maturitas. 2018; 112:24-28.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.03.017
  53. Doran MF, Crowson CS, O’Fallon WM, Gabriel SE. The effect of oral contraceptives and estrogen replacement therapy on the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a population based study. The Journal of Rheumatology. 2004;31(2):207-213. 
  54. Chen Q, Jin Z, Xiang C, Cai Q, Shi W, He J. Absence of protective effect of oral contraceptive use on the development of rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis of observational studies. International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases. 2014;17(7):725-737.  https://doi.org/10.1111/1756-185X.12413
  55. Qi S, Xin R, Guo W, Liu Y. Meta-analysis of oral contraceptives and rheumatoid arthritis risk in women. Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management. 2014;10:915-923.  https://doi.org/10.2147/TCRM.S70867
  56. Walitt B, Pettinger M, Weinstein A, Katz J, Torner J, Wasko MC, Howard BV; Women’s Health Initiative Investigators. Effects of postmenopausal hormone therapy on rheumatoid arthritis: the women’s health initiative randomized controlled trials. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2008;59(3):302-310.  https://doi.org/10.1002/art.23325
  57. Orellana C, Saevarsdottir S, Klareskog L, Karlson EW, Alfredsson L, Bengtsson C.Postmenopausal hormone therapy and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: results from the Swedish EIRA population-based case-control study. European Journal of Epidemiology. 2015;30(5): 449-457.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-015-0004-y
  58. Vandenbroucke JP, Witteman JC, Valkenburg HA, Boersma JW, Cats A, Festen JJ, Hartman AP, Huber-Bruning O, Rasker JJ, Weber J. Noncontraceptive hormones and rheumatoid arthritis in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. JAMA. 1986;255(10): 1299-1303.
  59. Salliot C, Bombardier C, Saraux A, Combe B, Dougados M. Hormonal replacement therapy may reduce the risk for RA in women with early arthritis who carry HLA-DRB1 *01 and/or *04 alleles by protecting against the production of anti-CCP: results from the ESPOIR cohort. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2010;69(9): 1683-1686. https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.2009.111179
  60. Koepsell TD, Dugowson CE, Nelson JL, Voigt LF, Daling JR. Non-contraceptive hormones and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis in menopausal women. International Journal of Epidemiology. 1994;23(6): 1248-1255. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/23.6.1248
  61. Spector TD, Brennan P, Harris P, Studd JW, Silman AJ. Does estrogen replacement therapy protect against rheumatoid arthritis? The Journal of Rheumatology. 1991;18(10):1473-1476.
  62. Pfeifer EC, Crowson CS, Amin S, Gabriel SE, Matteson EL. The influence of early menopause on cardiovascular risk in women with rheumatoid arthritis. The Journal of Rheumatology. 2014;41(7):1270-1275. https://doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.131234
  63. Engdahl C, Bondt A, Harre U, Raufer J, Pfeifle R, Camponeschi A, Wuhrer M, Seeling M, Mårtensson IL, Nimmerjahn F, Krönke G, Scherer HU, Forsblad-d’Elia H, Schett G. Estrogen induces St6gal1 expression and increases IgG sialylation in mice and patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a potential explanation for the increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis in postmenopausal women. Arthritis Research and Therapy. 2018;20(1):84.  https://doi.org/10.1186/s13075-018-1586-z
  64. Kuiper S, van Gestel AM, Swinkels HL, de Boo TM, da Silva JA, van Riel PL. Influence of sex, age, and menopausal state on the course of early rheumatoid arthritis. The Journal of Rheumatology. 2001;28(8):1809-1816.
  65. Demers R, Blais JA, Pretty H. Arthriterhumatoïdetraitée par noréthynodrelassociée à mestranol: aspects cliniques et tests de laboratoire [Rheumatoid arthritis treated by norethynodrel associated with mestranol: clinical aspects and laboratory tests]. Canadian Medical Association Journal. 1966;95(8):350-354. (In French).
  66. Van den Brink HR, van Everdingen AA, van Wijk MJ, Jacobs JW, Bijlsma JW. Adjuvant oestrogen therapy does not improve disease activity in postmenopausal patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 1993;52(12):862-865.  https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.52.12.862
  67. Hall GM, Daniels M, Doyle DV, Spector TD. Effect of hormone replacement therapy on bone mass in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with and without steroids. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1994; 37(10):1499-1505. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.1780371014
  68. Hall GM, Spector TD, Delmas PD. Markers of bone metabolism in postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis. Effects of corticosteroids and hormone replacement therapy. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1995;38(7):902-906.  https://doi.org/10.1002/art.1780380705
  69. Hall GM, Daniels M, Huskisson EC, Spector TD. A randomised controlled trial of the effect of hormone replacement therapy on disease activity in postmenopausal rheumatoid arthritis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 1994;53(2):112-116.  https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.53.2.112
  70. MacDonald AG, Murphy EA, Capell HA, Bankowska UZ, Ralston SH. Effects of hormone replacement therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: a double blind placebo-controlled study. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 1994;53(1):54-57.  https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.53.1.54
  71. Forsblad-d’Elia H, Carlsten H. Hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis stabilises bone mineral density by digital X-ray radiogrammetry in a randomised controlled trial. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2011;70(6):1167-1168. https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.2010.137133
  72. Forsblad d’Elia H, Christgau S, Mattsson LA, Saxne T, Ohlsson C, Nordborg E, Carlsten H. Hormone replacement therapy, calcium and vitamin D3 versus calcium and vitamin D3 alone decreases markers of cartilage and bone metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized controlled trial [ISRCTN46523456]. Arthritis Research and Therapy. 2004;6(5):457-468.  https://doi.org/10.1186/ar1215
  73. D’Elia HF, Mattsson LA, Ohlsson C, Nordborg E, Carlsten H. Hormone replacement therapy in rheumatoid arthritis is associated with lower serum levels of soluble IL-6 receptor and higher insulin-like growth factor 1. Arthritis Research and Therapy. 2003;5(4):202-209.  https://doi.org/10.1186/ar761
  74. D’Elia HF, Larsen A, Mattsson LA, Waltbrand E, Kvist G, Mellström D, Saxne T, Ohlsson C, Nordborg E, Carlsten H. Influence of hormone replacement therapy on disease progression and bone mineral density in rheumatoid arthritis. The Journal of Rheumatology. 2003;30(7):1456-1463.
  75. Pullerits R, d’Elia HF, Tarkowski A, Carlsten H. The decrease of soluble RAGE levels in rheumatoid arthritis patients following hormone replacement therapy is associated with increased bone mineral density and diminished bone/cartilage turnover: a randomized controlled trial. Rheumatology. 2009;48(7):785-790.  https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kep079
  76. Mollard E, Pedro S, Chakravarty E, Clowse M, Schumacher R, Michaud K. The impact of menopause on functional status in women with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology. 2018;57(5):798-802.  https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kex526
  77. Al-Salman H. 17β-estradiol hormone and interleukin 1-beta change related to menopause in the women with rheumatoid arthritis. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2019;13(2):110-118.  https://doi.org/10.22377/ajp.v13i02.3106

Close metadata

Contact the author
Email
Message
The publishing house "Media Sphere" does not provide treatment services, does not give recommendations on contacting medical institutions and specific specialists, on the prescription of medicines and dietary supplements.

Email Confirmation

An email was sent to test@gmail.com with a confirmation link. Follow the link from the letter to complete the registration on the site.

Email Confirmation

Contact us
If you have any questions, complaints or suggestions, please use this feedback form.
Email
Message
The publishing house "Media Sphere" does not provide treatment services, does not give recommendations on contacting medical institutions and specific specialists, on the prescription of medicines and dietary supplements.
Submit Application

You can become an author of one of our magazines, send a request and we will consider it in during the day.

Name
Phone
E-mail
Message
Login
Registration
E-mail
Password
Forgot Password?

Log in to the site using your account in one of the services

Password recovery
E-mail
Login
Register

We use cооkies to improve the performance of the site. By staying on our site, you agree to the terms of use of cооkies. To view our Privacy and Cookie Policy, please. click here.