Aim of study. To study the dynamics of changes in red blood cells with an overdose of retinol palmitate. Material and methods. Male Wistar rats weighing 120 g (n = 9) were injected with an oily solution of retinol palmitate in a volume of 0.3 ml (150 thousand IU) for 6 days. The comparison group was rats of the same sex and weight (n = 9), which received an oil base. Using the method of computer morphodensitometry, a complex of geometric and optical parameters of discocytes was measured in blood smears, that made it possible to obtain a quantitative characteristic of their morphological and functional safety. Results. By the time symptoms of an overdose of retinol palmitate (5–6th day) occurred, the values of almost all measured parameters of discocytes in animals of the experimental group differed from the control. In total, this indicated a change in the shape of discocytes, which is associated with the modifying effect of retinol palmitate on the erythrocyte membrane. A change in the shape of discocytes was accompanied by a decrease in their integral optical density, which indicated a decrease in their hemoglobin content. The sequence of changes in the morphodensitometric parameters of discocytes depended on the duration of drug intake. An increase in the curvature of the ascending and descending portion of the diskocyte torus and a decrease in their surface area and volume were noted on the 3—4th day, when signs of hypervitaminosis A (preclinical stage) were still absent. This indicates the possibility of using changes in these parameters to predict retinol palmitate overdose. Conclusions. The use of computer morphodensitometry makes it possible to evaluate nonspecific morphological changes in red blood cells that occur with the administration of palmitate retinol to animals and select criteria for predicting its overdose.