MicroRNAs are modulators of many biological processes; impairment in microRNA expression and activity is detected in diverse pathological conditions and diseases. Objective: to evaluate microRNA expression profiles in cutaneous melanoma and benign melanocytic skin tumors and to analyze signaling pathways and target genes regulated by altered microRNAs in melanoma. Material and methods. The material for this investigation was tissue samples of cutaneous melanoma (n=7) and benign melanocytic skin neoplasms (n=6). The tissue samples were stabilized in RNLater solution («Ambion», USA). In the first stage of the investigation, RNA was isolated from the patients’ tissues; then microarray analysis was performed using GeneAtlas Microarray System («Affymetrix», CA, USA). To validate microarray results, three microRNAs, such as miR-363-3p, miR-513a-5p, miR-3591-3p, were selected. DIANA-miRPath v.3.0 database was used to analyze signaling pathways and target genes. Results. MicroRNA profiling in the melanoma and benign melanocytic neoplasms revealed 62 microRNAs, the levels of which were altered in melanoma as compared to nevi. Of these, 31 miRNAs were upregulated whilst 31 miRNAs were downregulated in melanoma as compared to melanocytic nevi. Bioinformatic analysis identified 48 altered mechanisms of signal transmission in the samples of melanoma as compared to those of melanocytic nevi. Therefore, comparative assessment of miRNA expression patterns can identify new target molecules for targeted exposure in order to modulate various processes associated with carcinogenesis.