
От ошибок к совершенству: путь повышения качества преаналитического этапа в лабораторной диагностике. Литературный обзор
Резюме
Представленный литературный обзор уделяет основное внимание эволюции исследований об ошибках преаналитического этапа (ОПЭ) в медицинских лабораториях. ОПЭ влекут последствия в выборе тактики курации пациентов, дополнительные расходы на здравоохранение, увеличение продолжительности пребывания в больнице. Для формулирования ключевых слов был использован инструмент Covidence Review, затем был проведен комплексный поиск литературы с использованием нескольких баз данных с последующим внесением результатов поиска непосредственно в Covidence (n=379). Был проведен скрининг по названиям, аннотации, удаление дубликатов и полнотекстовый скрининг статьей. Исследования (n=232) были просмотрены на соответствие критериям отбора (n=228) и включены в обзор (n=83), а результаты обобщены в блок-схеме PRISMA. В обзоре подчеркивается роль медицинских работников в предотвращении ОПЭ как при сборе и обработке образцов, так и при анализе. В обзоре также обсуждается использование и развитие искусственного интеллекта (ИИ) и машинного обучения в сокращении ОПЭ и выявляются недостатки в стандартных определениях и стратегиях образования. В статье подчеркивается необходимость дальнейших исследований для обеспечения эффективности моделей управления, решения вопросов нормативной валидации моделей индексации вероятности риска (RPI) и рассмотрения вопросов регулирования, безопасности и конфиденциальности. Обзор демонстрирует, что всесторонние исследование эффективности ИИ и программных платформ в реальных условиях и их внедрение в здравоохранение на сегодняшний день отсутствуют, что открывает возможности для дальнейших исследований с целью улучшения управления ОПЭ и повышения качества оказания медицинской помощи.
Ключевые слова
- ошибки преаналитического этапа (ОПЭ)
- искусственный интеллект (ИИ)
- машинное обучение
- уменьшение ошибок
- индикаторы качества
- технологические решения
Дата поступления: 01.08.2025
Дата принятия в печать: 01.09.2025
Дата публикации: 25.11.2025
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