Leishmaniasis refers to protozoal infections, caused by parasitic protozoa of the genus Leishmania which are transmitted by mosquitoes. The most common and more favorable is the skin form. This is a fairly rare and atypical disease in the Russian Federation. Leishmaniasis is common in the countries of the American continent, in the Mediterranean basin, in the Middle East and Central Asia. In the Russian Federation, isolated imported cases are registered; therefore, specialists may have difficulties at the stage of making the correct diagnosis. Knowledge of leishmaniasis has become important in non-endemic countries due to an increase in population migration and the number of tourist trips. In addition to difficulties in diagnosis in patients with this nosology, especially in children, the problem of therapy selection is also raised. The main role here is played by the absence of drugs registered in the Russian Federation for the treatment of leishmaniasis (sodium stibogluconate or meglumine antimoniate). In this regard, in order to receive specialized treatment the majority of patients have to go to other countries. The presented clinical case is interesting in the occurrence of the disease in children in a family who returned after a vacation from Azerbaijan. With repeated visits to various medical institutions within a few months, the correct diagnosis has not been finally established.