Objective. To evaluate the influence of a. radialis and v. cefalica parameters on maturation of primary radiocephalic fistula in patients with end-stage chronic renal failure. Material and methods. There were 43 patients with end-stage chronic renal failure who underwent formation of arteriovenous fistula. Diameters of a. radialis and v. cefalica and blood flow velocity through a. radialis were measured in preoperative and postoperative period. Postoperative measurements were carried out three times a week prior to hemodialysis procedure. Maturation of fistula was determined by fistulous vein diameter over 4 mm, blood flow velocity over 500 ml/min and the first successful hemodialysis procedure through the fistulous vein. Results. Mean diameter of a. radialis in preoperative period was 1.87±0.18 mm, v. cefalica — 1.53±0.21 mm, mean blood flow velocity in a. radialis — 35.1±8.3 ml/min. Mean time of arteriovenous fistula maturation was 37.3±5.9 days. According to Chaddock scale, time of fistula maturation correlates with blood flow velocity in the artery (strong inverse correlation, −0.733), artery and vein diameter (moderate and weak correlation, respectively, −0.351 and −0.072). Multivariate regression analysis confirmed satisfactory quality of the model (r2=0.72). Analysis of the impact of blood flow velocity on maturation of arteriovenous fistula revealed significant regression coefficient (b=0.96; p=0.002). Conclusion. Blood flow velocity in a. radialis and diameter of v. cefalica are the most significant predictors of maturation of arteriovenous fistula. Combination of these variables may be used as preoperative prognostic criterion of maturation of radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula in patients with end-stage chronic renal failure.