Application of high throughput sequencing in pediatric neurooncology

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Over the past decade, next generation sequencing (NGS) has become the standard method in research of cancer genomics; currently NGS is entering a new stage — direct usage in clinical oncology to improve diagnostics and establish personalized tumor treatments. NGS allows to read the genome and it is successfully applied to detect mutations and other somatic changes (translocations, inversions, insertions and deletions, copy number variants) leading to the development of a tumor. With a focus on transcriptome sequencing allows to clearly identify differences in gene expression, improve the classification of tumors and detect somatic chimeras. All these possibilities are especially relevant for pediatric neurooncology filed in view of the existing limitations in treatment and the need for the most accurate identification of the key factors of tumor development. In this article, we describe sequencing technology basis, its application on brain tumor materials to improve diagnostics, and other relevant possibilities that can be considered for direct usage in medicine.

Keywords:

neurooncology

high throughput sequencing

DNA

RNA

mutations

fusion genes

Authors:

Okonechnikov K.V.

Hopp Children’s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ);
Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)

Ryzhova M.V.

Burdenko Neurosurgical Center

ORCID: 0000-0001-7206-6365

Galstyan S.A.

Burdenko Neurosurgical Center

ORCID: 0000-0001-9953-6654

Telysheva E.N.

Burdenko Neurosurgical Center

ORCID: 0000-0002-0370-8667

Received:

10.12.2021

Accepted:

22.12.2021

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