Login
EN
Phones:
+7 (495) 482-41-18
+7 (495) 482-43-29

  • © 1998-2026
+7 (495) 482-43-29
EN
All journals
Journal
Year
Year
Search result: 0

Journal: Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2020;23(3): 131–139

The importance of zinc in maintaining the activity of antiviral innate immunity proteins: analysis of publications on COVID-19

DOI: 10.17116/profmed202023031131

Read: 8814 times

Download PDF
Download PDF (RU)
Contact the author
Table of contents

Open to cite this article

The importance of zinc in maintaining the activity of antiviral innate immunity proteins: analysis of publications on COVID-19. Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2020;23(3):131‑139. (In Russ., In Engl.).
https://doi.org/10.17116/profmed202023031131

Close metadata
Recommended articles:
Arti­ficial inte­lligence capa­bilities in choosing surgical treatment for tetralogy of Fallot. Russian Journal of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2025;(5):560-565
Problems and solu­tions in applying machine learning algo­rithms for data analysis in cardiology. Russian Journal of Preventive Medi­cine. 2025;(10):16-22
From errors to exce­llence: the pre-analytical journey to improved quality in diagnostics. A scoping review. Labo­ratory Service. 2025;(3):46-63
Using the PathVision.ai model of medi­cal deci­sion support in morphological diagnostics of prostate cancer in biopsy mate­rial. Russian Journal of Archive of Pathology. 2025;(6):34-41
Opti­mization of chro­nic rhinosinusitis diagnosis using arti­ficial inte­lligence. Russian Rhinology. 2025;(4):38-43
Oxidative stress para­meters in semi­nal plasma of men with high sperm DNA fragmentation. Russian Journal of Human Reproduction. 2025;(6):94-104
Inte­rventional cardiology in the age of arti­ficial inte­lligence: technologies, inno­vations and challenges. Medi­cal Technologies. Asse­ssment and Choice. 2025;(4):20-27
Cross-neutralizing acti­vity of a live intranasal vaccine based on the reco­mbinant Sendai virus of the Moscow strain against different variants of SARS-CoV-2. Mole­cular Gene­tics, Microbiology and Viro­logy. 2025;(4):39-47
Arti­ficial inte­lligence application in the prevention of chro­nic non-communicable diseases: a systematic review of publications from 2022 to 2025. Russian Journal of Preventive Medi­cine. 2025;(12):21-30
Posi­tive examples of the arti­ficial inte­lligence and tele­medicine use in the healthcare. Russian Journal of Preventive Medi­cine. 2026;(2):109-114

Introduction. Compensation of concomitant micronutrient deficiencies is the most important area of support for antiviral innate immunity, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of the work is to analyze all scientific publications on the study of coronaviruses available in PubMed databases. Material and methods. An analysis of 17,362 publications on coronaviruses (including 2,920 publications on the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2) was performed. The analysis was carried out using an artificial intelligence system. Results. It was shown that increasing the supply of human organisms with zinc, vitamins A, C, D, E is a promising approach for increasing resistance to SARS-CoV-2. The results of the proteome analysis confirm the importance of zinc as a cofactor of 118 proteins aimed at antiviral protection of the human body, including 11 interferon-I-dependent proteins against coronaviruses. Conclusion. The availability of zinc to the body can help inhibit the formation of the «cytokine storm» characteristic of COVID-19, reduce chronic systemic inflammation and compensate for comorbid pathologies, including cardiovascular, in patients with COVID-19.

Keywords:

zinc
coronaviruses
SARS-CoV-2
systems biology
machine learning
Zincit

List of references:

  1. Yang J, Zheng Y, Gou X, Pu K, Chen Z, Guo Q, Ji R, Wang H, Wang Y, Zhou Y. Prevalence of comorbidities in the novel Wuhan coronavirus (COVID-19) infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.017
  2. Wu J, Li W, Shi X, Chen Z, Jiang B, Liu J, Wang D, Liu C, Meng Y, Cui L, Yu J, Cao H, Li L. Early antiviral treatment contributes to alleviate the severity and improve the prognosis of patients with novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). J Intern Med. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.13063
  3. Meo SA, Alhowikan AM, Al-Khlaiwi T, Meo IM, Halepoto DM, Iqbal M, Usmani AM, Hajjar W, Ahmed N. Novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV: prevalence, biological and clinical characteristics comparison with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2020;24(4):2012-2019. https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202002_20379
  4. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, Liu L, Shan H, Lei CL, Hui DSC, Du B, Li LJ, Zeng G, Yuen KY, Chen RC, Tang CL, Wang T, Chen PY, Xiang J, Li SY, Wang JL, Liang ZJ, Peng YX, Wei L, Liu Y, Hu YH, Peng P, Wang JM, Liu JY, Chen Z, Li G, Zheng ZJ, Qiu SQ, Luo J, Ye CJ, Zhu SY, Zhong NS. Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2002032
  5. Chen WH, Strych U, Hotez PJ, Bottazzi ME. The SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Pipeline: an Overview. Curr Trop Med Rep. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40475-020-00201-6
  6. Prajapat M, Sarma P, Shekhar N, Avti P, Sinha S, Kaur H, Kumar S, Bhattacharyya A, Kumar H, Bansal S, Medhi B. Drug targets for corona virus: A systematic review. Indian J Pharmacol. 2020;52(1):56-65. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijp.IJP_115_20
  7. Cao B, Wang Y, Wen D, Liu W, Wang J, Fan G, Ruan L, Song B, Cai Y, Wei M, Li X, Xia J, Chen N, Xiang J, Yu T, Bai T, Xie X, Zhang L, Li C, Yuan Y, Chen H, Li H, Huang H, Tu S, Gong F, Liu Y, Wei Y, Dong C, Zhou F, Gu X, Xu J, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Li H, Shang L, Wang K, Li K, Zhou X, Dong X, Qu Z, Lu S, Hu X, Ruan S, Luo S, Wu J, Peng L, Cheng F, Pan L, Zou J, Jia C, Wang J, Liu X, Wang S, Wu X, Ge Q, He J, Zhan H, Qiu F, Guo L, Huang C, Jaki T, Hayden FG, Horby PW, Zhang D, Wang C. A Trial of Lopinavir-Ritonavir in Adults Hospitalized with Severe Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001282
  8. Cortegiani A, Ingoglia G, Ippolito M, Giarratano A, Einav S. A systematic review on the efficacy and safety of chloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19. J Crit Care. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.03.005
  9. Duan YJ, Liu Q, Zhao SQ, Huang F, Ren L, Liu L, Zhou YW. The Trial of Chloroquine in the Treatment of Corona Virus Disease 2019 COVID-19 and Its Research Progress in Forensic Toxicology. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2020;36(2). https://doi.org/10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2020.02.001
  10. Gleeson M. Immunological aspects of sport nutrition. Immunol Cell Biol. 2016;94(2):117-123. https://doi.org/10.1038/icb.2015.109
  11. Limanova OA, Torshin IYu, Sardaryan IS, Kalacheva AG, Hababpashev A, Karpuchin D, Kudrin A, Yudina NV, Egorova EYu, Belinskaya AYu, Grishina TR, Gromov AN, Fedotova LE, Rudakov KV, Gromova OA. Obespechennost’ mikronutrientami i zhenskoe zdorov’e: intellektual’nyj analiz kliniko-epidemiologicheskih dannyh. Voprosy ginekologii, akusherstva i perinatologii. 2014;13(2):5-15. (In Russ.).
  12. Torshin IYu, Gromova OA, Tetruashvili NK, Kodencova VM, Galustyan AN, Kuricyna NA, Lavrov NV, Grishina TR, Limanova OA, Kalacheva AG, Fedotova LE, Lapochkina NP, Kerimkulova NV, Mozgovaya EV, Tapil’skaya NI, Semenov VA, Malyavskaya SI, Lebedev AV, Frolova DE, Rubashkina AN, Rudakov KV. Metricheskij analiz sootnoshenij komorbidnosti mezhdu nevynashivaniem, endometriozom, narusheniyami menstrual’nogo cikla i mikronutrientnoj obespechennost’yu v skrininge zhenshchin reproduktivnogo vozrasta. Akusherstvo i ginekologiya. 2019;5:160-173. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.18565/aig.2019.5
  13. Gromova OA, Torshin IYu, Gromov AN, Grishina TR, Kalacheva AG, Kerimkulova NV, Limanova OA, Malyavskaya SI, Tetruashvili NK, Serov VN, Kodencova VM, Mozgovaya EV, Gracheva ON. Intellektual’nyj analiz dannyh po techeniyu i iskhodu beremennosti: roli razlichnyh vitaminno-mineral’nyh kompleksov. Medicinskij alfavit. Sovremennaya ginekologiya. 2018;6(1):10-23. (In Russ.).
  14. Gromova OA, Torshin IYu. Vitaminy i mineraly mezhdu Scilloj i Haribdoj: o miskoncepciyah i drugih chudovishchah. M.: Izdatel’stvo MCNMO; 2013. (In Russ.).
  15. Gromova OA, Torshin IYu, Rudakov KV, Grustlivaya UE, Kalacheva AG, Yudina NV, Egorova EYu, Limanova OA, Fedotova LE, Gracheva ON, Nikiforova NV, Satarina TE, Gogoleva IV, Grishina TR, Kuramshina DB, Novikova LB, Lisicyna EYu, Kerimkulova NV, Vladimirova IS, Chekmareva MN, Lyalyakina EV, Shalaeva LA, Taleporovskaya SYu, Siling TB, Semenov VA, Semenova OV, Nazarova NA, Galustyan AN, Sardaryan IS. Nedostatochnost’ magniya — dostovernyj faktor riska komorbidnyh sostoyanij: rezul’taty krupnomasshtabnogo skrininga magnievogo statusa v regionah Rossii. Farmateka. 2013;6:116-129. (In Russ.).
  16. Gromova OA, Torshin IYu. Mikronutrienty i reproduktivnoe zdorov’e. Rukovodstvo. M.: GEOTAR-Media; 2019. (In Russ.).
  17. Gromova OA, Torshin IYu, Gusev EI, Zaharova IN. Vitamin D. Smena paradigmy. M.: GEOTAR-Media; 2017. (In Russ.).
  18. Zhang L, Liu Y. Potential interventions for novel coronavirus in China: A systematic review. J Med Virol. 2020;92(5):479-490. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25707
  19. Torshin IYu, Rudakov KV. On metric spaces arising during formalization of recognition and classification problems. part 1: properties of compactness. Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis (Advances in Mathematical Theory and Applications). 2016;26(2):274.
  20. Torshin IYu, Rudakov KV. On metric spaces arising during formalization of problems of recognition and classification. part 2: density properties. Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis (Advances in Mathematical Theory and Applications). 2016;26(3):483-496.
  21. Torshin IYu. Optimal Dictionaries output information based on the criterion of Solvability and their applications in Bioinformatics. Pattern recognition and image analysis. 2013;23(2):319-327.
  22. Torshin IYu, Rudakov KV. Combinatorial analysis of the solvability properties of the problems of recognition and completeness of algorithmic models. part 2: metric approach within the framework of the theory of classification of feature values. Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis (Advances in Mathematical Theory and Applications). 2017;27(2):184-199.
  23. The Gene Ontology Consortium. The Gene Ontology Resource: 20 years and still GOing strong. Nucleic Acids Res. 2019;47(D1):D330-D338.
  24. Fung SY, Yuen KS, Ye ZW, Chan CP, Jin DY. A tug-of-war between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and host antiviral defence: lessons from other pathogenic viruses. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020;9(1):558-570. https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2020.1736644
  25. Conti P, Ronconi G, Caraffa A, Gallenga CE, Ross R, Frydas I, Kritas SK. Induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 and IL-6) and lung inflammation by Coronavirus-19 (COVI-19 or SARS-CoV-2): anti-inflammatory strategies. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2020;34(2). https://doi.org/10.23812/CONTI-E
  26. Grant WB, Giovannucci E. The possible roles of solar ultraviolet-B radiation and vitamin D in reducing case-fatality rates from the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic in the United States. Dermatoendocrinol. 2009;1(4):215-219. https://doi.org/10.4161/derm.1.4.9063
  27. Sindel A, Taylor T, Chesney A, Clark W, Fowler AA 3rd, Toor AA. Hematopoietic stem cell mobilization following PD-1 blockade: Cytokine release syndrome after transplantation managed with ascorbic acid. Eur J Haematol. 2019;103(2):134-136. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejh.13248
  28. Liu C, Jiang ZC, Shao CX, Zhang HG, Yue HM, Chen ZH, Ma BY, Liu WY, Huang HH, Yang J, Wang Y, Liu HY, Xu D, Wang JT, Yang JY, Pan HQ, Zou SQ, Li FJ, Lei JQ, Li X, He Q, Gu Y, Qi XL. Preliminary study of the relationship between novel coronavirus pneumonia and liver function damage: a multicenter study. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi. 2020;28(2): 148-152. https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007-3418.2020.02.003
  29. Jin X, Lian JS, Hu JH, Gao J, Zheng L, Zhang YM, Hao SR, Jia HY, Cai H, Zhang XL, Yu GD, Xu KJ, Wang XY, Gu JQ, Zhang SY, Ye CY, Jin CL, Lu YF, Yu X, Yu XP, Huang JR, Xu KL, Ni Q, Yu CB, Zhu B, Li YT, Liu J, Zhao H, Zhang X, Yu L, Guo YZ, Su JW, Tao JJ, Lang GJ, Wu XX, Wu WR, Qv TT, Xiang DR, Yi P, Shi D, Chen Y, Ren Y, Qiu YQ, Li LJ, Sheng J, Yang Y. Epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of 74 cases of coronavirus-infected disease 2019 (COVID-19) with gastrointestinal symptoms. Gut. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2020-320926
  30. Tang N, Li D, Wang X, Sun Z. Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. J Thromb Haemost. 2020;18(4):844-847. https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.14768
  31. Guan WJ, Liang WH, Zhao Y, Liang HR, Chen ZS, Li YM, Liu XQ, Chen RC, Tang CL, Wang T, Ou CQ, Li L, Chen PY, Sang L, Wang W, Li JF, Li CC, Ou LM, Cheng B, Xiong S, Ni ZY, Xiang J, Hu Y, Liu L, Shan H, Lei CL, Peng YX, Wei L, Liu Y, Hu YH, Peng P, Wang JM, Liu JY, Chen Z, Li G, Zheng ZJ, Qiu SQ, Luo J, Ye CJ, Zhu SY, Cheng LL, Ye F, Li SY, Zheng JP, Zhang NF, Zhong NS, He JX. Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with Covid-19 in China: A Nationwide Analysis. Eur RespirJ. 2020;2:13993003.00547-2020. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00547-2020
  32. Sanjuan R, Nebot MR, Chirico N, Mansky LM, Belshaw R. Viral mutation rates. J Virol. 2010;84(19):9733-9748. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00694-10
  33. Torshin IYu, Gromova OA. Sensing the change from molecular genetics to personalized medicine. Nova Biomedical Books, NY, USA; 2009.
  34. Gromova OA, Torshin IYu, Spirichev VB. Polnogenomnyj analiz sajtov svyazyvaniya receptora vitamina D ukazyvaet na shirokij spektr potencial’nyh primenenij vitamina D v terapii. Medicinskij sovet. 2016;1:12-21. (In Russ.).
  35. Donovan J, Dufner M, Korennykh A. Structural basis for cytosolic double-stranded RNA surveillance by human oligoadenylate synthetase 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2013;110(5):1652-1657. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1218528110
  36. Rebouillat D, Hovnanian A, Marie I, Hovanessian AG. The 100-kDa 2’,5’-oligoadenylate synthetase catalyzing preferentially the synthesis of dimeric pppA2’p5’A molecules is composed of three homologous domains. J Biol Chem. 1999;274(3):1557-1565. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.274.3.1557
  37. Wang L, Zhu S, Xu G, Feng J, Han T, Zhao F, She YL, Liu S, Ye L, Zhu Y. Gene Expression and Antiviral Activity of Interleukin-35 in Response to Influenza A Virus Infection. J Biol Chem. 2016;291(32):16863-16876. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M115.693101
  38. Siddiqui MA, Mukherjee S, Manivannan P, Malathi K. RNase L Cleavage Products Promote Switch from Autophagy to Apoptosis by Caspase-Mediated Cleavage of Beclin-1. Int J Mol Sci. 2015;16(8):17611-17636. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms160817611
  39. Zhao Y, Liang L, Fan Y, Sun S, An L, Shi Z, Cheng J, Jia W, Sun W, Mori-Akiyama Y, Zhang H, Fu S, Yang J. PPM1B negatively regulates antiviral response via dephosphorylating TBK1. Cell Signal. 2012;24(11):2197-2204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.06.017
  40. Feng J, De Jesus PD, Su V, Han S, Gong D, Wu NC, Tian Y, Li X, Wu TT, Chanda SK, Sun R. RIOK3 is an adaptor protein required for IRF3-mediated antiviral type I interferon production. J Virol. 2014;88(14):7987-7997. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00643-14
  41. Shan J, Wang P, Zhou J, Wu D, Shi H, Huo K. RIOK3 interacts with caspase-10 and negatively regulates the NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Mol Cell Biochem. 2009;332(1-2):113-120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-009-0180-8
  42. Gromova OA, Torshin IYu, Kobalava ZhD, Nazarenko AG. Sistematicheskij analiz rolej mikroelementov v profilaktike i terapii hronicheskoj serdechnoj nedostatochnosti. Kardiologiya. 2019;59(6):27-25. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.18087/cardio.2019.6.10262
  43. Ran Y, Zhang J, Liu LL, Pan ZY, Nie Y, Zhang HY, Wang YY. Autoubiquitination of TRIM26 links TBK1 to NEMO in RLR-mediated innate antiviral immune response. J Mol Cell Biol. 2016;8(1):31-43. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmcb/mjv068
  44. Dong XY, Fu X, Fan S, Guo P, Su D, Dong JT. Oestrogen causes ATBF1 protein degradation through the oestrogen-responsive E3 ubiquitin ligase EFP. Biochem J. 2012;444(3):581-590. https://doi.org/10.1042/BJ20111890
  45. Mizgalska D, Wegrzyn P, Murzyn K, Kasza A, Koj A, Jura J, Jarzab B, Jura J. Interleukin-1-inducible MCPIP protein has structural and functional properties of RNase and participates in degradation of IL-1beta mRNA. FEBS J. 2009;276(24):7386-7399. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07452.x
  46. Nakatsuka Y, Vandenbon A, Mino T, Yoshinaga M, Uehata T, Cui X, Sato A, Tsujimura T, Suzuki Y, Sato A, Handa T, Chin K, Sawa T, Hirai T, Takeuchi O. Pulmonary Regnase-1 orchestrates the interplay of epithelium and adaptive immunesystems to protect against pneumonia. Mucosal Immunol. 2018;11(4):1203-1218. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41385-018-0024-5
  47. Hayakawa S, Shiratori S, Yamato H, Kameyama T, Kitatsuji C, Kashigi F, Goto S, Kameoka S, Fujikura D, Yamada T, Mizutani T, Kazumata M, Sato M, Tanaka J, Asaka M, Ohba Y, Miyazaki T, Imamura M, Takaoka A. ZAPS is a potent stimulator of signaling mediated by the RNA helicase RIG-I during antiviral responses. Nat Immunol. 2011;12(1):37-44. https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.1963
  48. Hausburg MA, Doles JD, Clement SL, Cadwallader AB, Hall MN, Blackshear PJ, Lykke-Andersen J, Olwin BB. Post-transcriptional regulation of satellite cell quiescence by TTP-mediated mRNA decay. Elife. 2015;4:e03390. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03390
  49. White TE, Brandariz-Nunez A, Martinez-Lopez A, Knowlton C, Lenzi G, Kim B, Ivanov D, Diaz-Griffero F. A SAMHD1 mutation associated with Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome uncouples the ability of SAMHD1 to restrict HIV-1 from its ability to downmodulate type I interferon in humans. Hum Mutat. 2017;38(6):658-668. https://doi.org/10.1002/humu.23201
  50. Emmons J, Townley-Tilson WH, Deleault KM, Skinner SJ, Gross RH, Whitfield ML, Brooks SA. Identification of TTP mRNA targets in human dendritic cells reveals TTP as a critical regulator of dendritic cell maturation. RNA. 2008;14(5):888-902. https://doi.org/10.1261/rna.748408
  51. Li L, Soetandyo N, Wang Q, Ye Y. The zinc finger protein A20 targets TRAF2 to the lysosomes for degradation. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2009;1793(2):346-353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamcr.2008.09.013
  52. Garg AV, Amatya N, Chen K, Cruz JA, Grover P, Whibley N, Conti HR, Hernandez Mir G, Sirakova T, Childs EC, Smithgall TE, Biswas PS, Kolls JK, McGeachy MJ, Kolattukudy PE, Gaffen SL. MCPIP1 Endoribonuclease Activity Negatively Regulates Interleukin-17-Mediated Signaling and Inflammation. Immunity. 2015;43(3):475-487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2015.07.021
  53. Xu J, Peng W, Sun Y, Wang X, Xu Y, Li X, Gao G, Rao Z. Structural study of MCPIP1 N-terminal conserved domain reveals a PIN-like RNase. Nucleic Acids Res. 2012;40(14):6957-6965. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gks359
  54. Chuang TH, Ulevitch RJ. Triad3A, an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase regulating Toll-like receptors. Nat Immunol. 2004;5(5):495-502. https://doi.org/10.1038/ni1066
  55. Kim ET, Roche KL, Kulej K, Spruce LA, Seeholzer SH, Coen DM, Diaz-Griffero F, Murphy EA, Weitzman MD. SAMHD1 Modulates Early Steps during Human CytomegalovirusInfection by Limiting NF-κB Activation. Cell Rep. 2019;28(2):434-448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.027
  56. Py B, Slomianny C, Auberger P, Petit PX, Benichou S. Siva-1 and an alternative splice form lacking the death domain, Siva-2, similarly induce apoptosis in T lymphocytes via a caspase-dependent mitochondrial pathway. J Immunol. 2004;172(7):4008-4017. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.172.7.4008
  57. Te Velthuis AJ, van den Worm SH, Sims AC, Baric RS, Snijder EJ, van Hemert MJ. Zn(2+) inhibits coronavirus and arterivirus RNA polymerase activity in vitro and zinc ionophores block the replication of these viruses in cell culture. PLoS Pathog. 2010;6(11):e1001176. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001176
  58. Mocchegiani E, Malavolta M, Muti E, Costarelli L, Cipriano C, Piacenza F, Tesei S, Giacconi R, Lattanzio F. Zinc, metallothioneins and longevity: interrelationships with niacin and selenium. Curr Pharm Des. 2008;14(26): 2719-2732. https://doi.org/10.2174/138161208786264188
  59. Chand N, Naz S, Khan A, Khan S, Khan RU. Performance traits and immune response of broiler chicks treated with zinc and ascorbic acid supplementation during cyclic heat stress. Int J Biometeorol. 2014;58(10):2153-2157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-014-0815-7
  60. Feldmann HR, Williams DR, Champagne JD, Lehenbauer TW, Aly SS. Effectiveness of zinc supplementation on diarrhea and average daily gain in pre-weaned dairy calves: A double-blind, block-randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. PLoS One. 2019;14(7):e0219321. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219321
  61. Wang L, Qiao X, Zhang S, Qin Y, Guo T, Hao Z, Sun L, Wang X, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Tang L, Xu Y, Li Y. Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus nonstructural protein 2 contributes to inflammation via NF-kappaB activation. Virulence. 2018;9(1):1685-1698. https://doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2018.1536632
  62. Wei Z, Burwinkel M, Palissa C, Ephraim E, Schmidt MF. Antiviral activity of zinc salts against transmissible gastroenteritis virus in vitro. Vet Microbiol. 2012;160(3-4):468-472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.06.019
  63. Yalcin SS, Engur-Karasimav D, Alehan D, Yurdakok K, Ozkutlu S, Coskun T. Zinc supplementation and TNF-alpha levels in vaccinated cardiac patients. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2011;25(2):85-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2011.03.002
  64. Ong CL, Walker MJ, McEwan AG. Zinc disrupts central carbon metabolism andcapsule biosynthesis in Streptococcus pyogenes. Sci Rep. 2015;5: 10799. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep10799
  65. Torshin IYu, Gromova OA. Ekspertnyj analiz dannyh v molekulyarnoj farmakologii. M.: MCNMO; 2012. (In Russ.).
  66. Chen G, Wu D, Guo W, Cao Y, Huang D, Wang H, Wang T, Zhang X, Chen H, Yu H, Zhang X, Zhang M, Wu S, Song J, Chen T, Han M, Li S, Luo X, Zhao J, Ning Q. Clinical and immunologic features in severe and moderate Coronavirus Disease 2019. J Clin Invest. 2020;2:137244. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI137244
  67. Ghaffari J, Khalilian A, Salehifar E, Khorasani E, Rezaii MS. Effect of zincsupplementation in children with asthma: a randomized, placebo-controlled trialin northern Islamic Republic of Iran. East Mediterr Health J. 2014;20(6): 391-396.
  68. Singh M, Das RR. Zinc for the common cold. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;(6):CD001364. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001364.pub4
  69. Hemilä H. Zinc lozenges may shorten the duration of colds: a systematicreview. Open Respir Med J. 2011;5:51-58. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874306401105010051
Contact the author
Email
Message

Email Confirmation

An email was sent to test@gmail.com with a confirmation link. Follow the link from the letter to complete the registration on the site.

Email Confirmation

Contact us
If you have any questions, complaints or suggestions, please use this feedback form.
Email
Message
The publishing house "Media Sphere" does not provide treatment services, does not give recommendations on contacting medical institutions and specific specialists, on the prescription of medicines and dietary supplements.
Submit Application

You can become an author of one of our magazines, send a request and we will consider it in during the day.

Name
Phone
E-mail
Message
Login
E-mail
Password
Forgot Password?

Password recovery
E-mail
Login
Register

We use cооkies to improve the performance of the site. By staying on our site, you agree to the terms of use of cооkies. To view our Privacy and Cookie Policy, please. click here.