Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in premature newborns

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One of the main causes of cerebral dysfunction in premature newborns is hypoxia. High mortality and lifelong morbidity in these children is a frequent result of neonatal hypoxic brain damage. The article presents some data on the prevalence of neurological diseases that have arisen in the perinatal period, and highlights the key etiological factors leading to hypoxia in both the intranatal and early postnatal periods. The pathogenesis of hypoxic-ischemic brain lesions in premature infants is described in detail. At the same time, more careful consideration is given to the glutathione system, which protects against lipid peroxidation, the glutamate-calcium cascade, and the excitotoxicity mediated by it, as well as the processes of necrosis and apoptosis of nerve cells. The advantages and disadvantages of modern methods for diagnosing cerebral lesions are noted, and the principles of treatment of these disorders are analyzed.

Keywords:

hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy

premature newborns

cerebral disorders

hypoxia

Authors:

Anuriev A.M.

Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education — Branch Campus of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Irkutsk, Russia

Gorbachev V.I.

Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education – Branch Campus of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Irkutsk, Russia

SPIN RSCI: 1210-0421
Scopus AuthorID: 7102032114
ResearcherID: AAZ-5314-2020
ORCID: 0000-0001-6278-9332

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