The site of the Media Sphera Publishers contains materials intended solely for healthcare professionals.
By closing this message, you confirm that you are a certified medical professional or a student of a medical educational institution.

Spirina M.A.

National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University

Vlasova T.I.

National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University

Sitdikova A.V.

National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University

Sergachev A.V.

National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University

Chatkin V.V.

National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University

Mezhnov A.E.

National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University

Neurophysiological substantiation and validity assessment of manual muscle testing in clinical practice. (A literature review)

Authors:

Spirina M.A., Vlasova T.I., Sitdikova A.V., Sergachev A.V., Chatkin V.V., Mezhnov A.E.

More about the authors

Read: 1296 times


To cite this article:

Spirina MA, Vlasova TI, Sitdikova AV, Sergachev AV, Chatkin VV, Mezhnov AE. Neurophysiological substantiation and validity assessment of manual muscle testing in clinical practice. (A literature review). Problems of Balneology, Physiotherapy and Exercise Therapy. 2024;101(4):70‑77. (In Russ.)
https://doi.org/10.17116/kurort202410104170

Recommended articles:
Changes in muscle tone after electrotherapy in patients suffering from chro­nic migraine and cervicalgia. Problems of Balneology, Physiotherapy and Exercise Therapy. 2024;(6-2):96-101

References:

  1. Rosner AL, Cuthbert SC. Applied kinesiology: distinctions in its definition and interpretation. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies. 2012;16(4):464-487.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2012.04.008
  2. Kamali F, Shirazi SA, Ebrahimi S, et al. Comparison of manual therapy and exercise therapy for postural hyperkyphosis: A randomized clinical trial. Physiotherapy theory and practice. 2016;32(2):92-97.  https://doi.org/10.3109/09593985.2015.1110739
  3. Lewinson RT, Ganesh A, Yeung M. The Biomechanics of Manual Muscle Testing in the Neuromuscular Exam. The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques. 2018;45(5):518-521.  https://doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2018.53
  4. Jensen AM, Stevens RJ, Burls AJ. Estimating the accuracy of muscle response testing: two randomised-order blinded studies. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016;16(1):492.  https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-016-1416-2
  5. Eremushkin MA, Berdyugin KA, Fedulova DV. Characteristics of muscle work in athletes-athletes with impaired intelligence, hearing and cerebral palsy. Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2021;20(2):23-28. (In Russ.).
  6. Beecher G, Anderson D, Siddiqi ZA. Subcutaneous immunoglobulin in myasthenia gravis exacerbation: A prospective, open-label trial. Neurology. 2017;89(11):1135-1141. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000004365
  7. Suresh KV, Karius A, Wang KY, et al. Scoliosis in Pediatric Patients With Acute Flaccid Myelitis. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil. 2022;28(1):34-41.  https://doi.org/10.46292/sci21-00017
  8. Angelini C., Siciliano G. Neuromuscular Diseases and Covid-19: Advices from Scientific Societies and Early Observations in Italy. Eur J Transl Myol. 2020;30:9032.
  9. Haruyama K, Kawakami M. Clinical Tests for Predicting Fallers Among Ambulatory Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Preliminary Cohort Study. J Neuromuscul Dis. 2022;9(2):303-310.  https://doi.org/10.3233/JND-210730
  10. Ciesla N, Dinglas V, Fan E, et al. Manual muscle testing: A method of measuring extremity muscle strength applied to critically ill patients. J Vis Exp. 2011;12:2632. https://doi.org/10.3791/2632
  11. Song SY, Nam DC, Moon DK, et al. Surgical decompression timing for patients with foot drop from lumbar degenerative diseases: a meta-analysis. Eur Spine J. 2022;31(3):551-560.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-021-07045-2
  12. Akuthota V, Marshall B, Boimbo S, et al. Clinical Course of Motor Deficits from Lumbosacral Radiculopathy Due to Disk Herniation. PM R. 2019;11(8):807-814.  https://doi.org/10.1002/pmrj.12082
  13. Odate S, Shikata J, Yamamura S, et al. Insufficient Recovery From C5 Palsy Following Anterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2022;47(5):423-429.  https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0000000000004225
  14. Vakulenko SV, Eremushkin MA. Isometric exercising impact on dynamics of physical condition indicators of dorsopathy patients. Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2020;4(98):135-139. (In Russ.).
  15. Vasil’eva VA, Marchenkova LA, Eremushkin MA, Kolyshenkov VA. The effect of a comprehensive rehabilitation program with the inclusion of interactive balance therapy with biofeedback and kinesihydrotherapy on the balance function in obese patients. Doctor. 2022;33(8):71-74. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.29296/25877305-2022-08-15
  16. van der Linden ML, Jahed S, Tennant N, et al. The influence of lower limb impairments on Race Running performance in athletes with hypertonia, ataxia or athetosis. Gait Posture. 2018;61:362-367.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.02.004
  17. Ishimatsu T, Kinoshita K, Nishio J, et al. Motor-Evoked Potential Analysis of Femoral Nerve Status During the Direct Anterior Approach for Total Hip Arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2018;100(7):572-577.  https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.17.00679
  18. Regula JU, Jestaedt L, Jende F, et al. Clinical Muscle Testing Compared with Whole-Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Facio-scapulo-humeral Muscular Dystrophy. Clinical neuroradiology. 2016;26(4):445-455.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00062-015-0386-y
  19. Bohannon RW. Manual muscle testing: Does it meet the standards of an adequate screening test? Clin Rehabil. 2005;19:662-667.  https://doi.org/10.1191/0269215505cr873oa
  20. Cuthbert SC, Goodheart GJ Jr. On the reliability and validity of manual muscle testing: A literature review. Chiropr Osteopat. 2007;15:4.  https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-1340-15-4
  21. Conable KM, Rosner AL. A narrative review of manual muscle testing and implications for muscle testing research. J Chiropr Med. 2011;10:157-165.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcm.2011.04.001
  22. Rider LG, Werth VP, Huber AM, et al. Measures of adult and juvenile dermatomyositis, polymyositis, and inclusion body myositis: Physician and Patient/Parent Global Activity, Manual Muscle Testing (MMT), Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ)/Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (C-HAQ), Childhood Myositis Assessment Scale (CMAS), Myositis Disease Activity Assessment Tool (MDAAT), Disease Activity Score (DAS), Short Form 36 (SF-36), Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ), physician global damage, Myositis Damage Index (MDI), Quantitative Muscle Testing (QMT), Myositis Functional Index-2 (FI-2), Myositis Activities Profile (MAP), Inclusion Body Myositis Functional Rating Scale (IBMFRS), Cutaneous Dermatomyositis Disease Area and Severity Index (CDASI), Cutaneous Assessment Tool (CAT), Dermatomyositis Skin Severity Index (DSSI), Skindex, and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011;63(11):118-157.  https://doi.org/10.1002/acr.20532
  23. Sultan SM. The assessment and importance of disease activity versus disease damage in patients with inflammatory myopathy. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2003;5(6):445-450.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s11926-003-0055-z
  24. Knols RH, Aufdemkampe G, de Bruin ED, et al. Hand-held dynamometry in patients with haematological malignancies: measurement error in the clinical assessment of knee extension strength. BMC musculoskeletal disorders. 2009;10:31.  https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-10-31
  25. Tsykunov MB. Evaluation of disorders of the musculoskeletal system pathology using categories of the international classification of functioning. Physical and rehabilitation medicine. 2019;1(2):37-59. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.26211/2658-4522-2019-1-2-37-59
  26. Dekkers KJ, Rameckers EA, Smeets RJ, et al. Upper extremity strength measurement for children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review of available instruments. Phys Ther. 2014;94(5):609-622.  https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20130166
  27. Schaefer L, Hoff M, Bittmann F. Measuring System and Method of Determining the Adaptive Force. Eur J Transl Myol. 2017;27(3):6479. https://doi.org/10.4081/ejtm.2017.6479
  28. Hoff M, Schaefer L, Heinke N, Bittmann F. Report on Adaptive Force, a Specific Neuromuscular Function. Eur J Transl Myol. 2015;25:183.  https://doi.org/10.4081/ejtm.2015.5183
  29. Doya K. Complementary Roles of Basal Ganglia and Cerebellum in Learning and Motor Control. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2000;10:732-739.  https://doi.org/10.1016/s0959-4388(00)00153-7
  30. Groenewegen HJ. The Basal Ganglia and Motor Control. Neural Plast. 2003;10:107-120.  https://doi.org/10.1155/NP.2003.107
  31. Wise SP, Murray EA, Gerfen CR. The Frontal Cortex-Basal Ganglia System in Primates. Crit Rev Neurobiol. 1996;10:317-356.  https://doi.org/10.1615/critrevneurobiol.v10.i3-4.30
  32. Ivry RB. The Representation of Temporal Information in Perception and Motor Control. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 1996;6:851-857.  https://doi.org/10.1016/s0959-4388(96)80037-7
  33. Caligiore D, Pezzulo G, Baldassarre G, et al. Consensus Paper: Towards a Systems-Level View of Cerebellar Function: The Interplay Between Cerebellum, Basal Ganglia, and Cortex. Cerebellum. 2017;16:203-229.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s12311-016-0763-3
  34. Pelzer EA, Hintzen A, Goldau M, et al. Cerebellar Networks with Basal Ganglia: Feasibility for Tracking Cerebello-Pallidal and Subthalamo-Cerebellar Projections in the Human Brain. Eur J Neurosci. 2013;38:3106-3114. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.12314
  35. Lawrenson C, Bares M, Kamondi A, et al. The Mystery of the Cerebellum: Clues from Experimental and Clinical Observations. Cerebellum Ataxias. 2018;5:8.  https://doi.org/10.1186/s40673-018-0087-9
  36. Lang EJ, Apps R, Bengtsson F, et al. The Roles of the Olivocerebellar Pathway in Motor Learning and Motor Control. A Consensus Paper. Cerebellum. 2017;16:230-252.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s12311-016-0787-8
  37. Welsh JP, Lang EJ, Suglhara I, et al. Dynamic Organization of Motor Control within the Olivocerebellar System. Nature. 1995;374:453-457.  https://doi.org/10.1038/374453a0
  38. Haber SN, Calzavara R. The Cortico-Basal Ganglia Integrative Network: The Role of the Thalamus. Brain Res Bull. 2009;78:69-74.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.09.013
  39. Sommer MA. The Role of the Thalamus in Motor Control. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2003;13:663-670.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2003.10.014
  40. Manning CD, Tolhurst SA, Bawa P. Proprioceptive Reaction Times and Long-Latency Reflexes in Humans. Exp Brain Res. 2012;221:155-166.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-012-3157-x
  41. Pruszynski JA, Scott SH. Optimal Feedback Control and the Long-Latency Stretch Response. Exp Brain Res. 2012;218:341-359.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-012-3041-8
  42. Lawrenson C, Bares M, Kamondi A, et al. The Mystery of the Cerebellum: Clues from Experimental and Clinical Observations. Cerebellum Ataxias. 2018;5:8.  https://doi.org/10.1186/s40673-018-0087-9
  43. Shadmehr R, Smith MA, Krakauer JW. Error Correction, Sensory Prediction, and Adaptation in Motor Control. Annu Rev Neurosci. 2010;33:89-108.  https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-060909-153135
  44. Bengtsson F, Ekerot C-F, Jörntell H. In Vivo Analysis of Inhibitory Synaptic Inputs and Rebounds in Deep Cerebellar Nuclear Neurons. PLoS ONE. 2011;6:e18822. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018822
  45. Paternostro-Sluga T, Grim-Stieger M, Posch M, et al. Reliability and validity of the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale and a modified scale for testing muscle strength in patients with radial palsy. J Rehabil Med. 2008;40:665-671.  https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977-0235
  46. Noreau L, Vachon J. Comparison of three methods to assess muscular strength in individuals with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 1998;36:716-723.  https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.sc.3100646
  47. O’Neill S, Jaszczak SLT, et al. Using 4+ to grade near-normal muscle strength does not improve agreement. Chiropr Man Ther. 2017;25:28.  https://doi.org/10.1186/s12998-017-0159-6
  48. Roman NA, Miclaus RS, Nicolau C, et al. Customized Manual Muscle Testing for Post-Stroke Upper Extremity Assessment. Brain Sci. 2022;12(4):457.  https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12040457
  49. Bittmann FN, Dech S, Aehle M, et al. Manual Muscle Testing-Force Profiles and Their Reproducibility. Diagnostics (Basel). 2020;10(12):996.  https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10120996
  50. Conable K, Corneal J, Hambrick T, et al. Electromyogram and Force Patterns in Variably Timed Manual Muscle Testing of the Middle Deltoid Muscle. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2006;29:305-314.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2006.03.002
  51. Manikowska F, Chen BP, Jóźwiak M, et al. Validation of Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. Neuro Rehabilitation. 2018;42(1):1-7.  https://doi.org/10.3233/NRE-172179
  52. Schmitt WH, Yannuck SF. Expanding the Neurological Examination Using Functional Neurological Assessment Part II: Neurologic Basis of Applied Kinesiology. Intern J Neuroscience. 1999;97:77-108.  https://doi.org/10.3109/00207459908994304
  53. Lamb RI. Manual Muscle Testing. In: Rothstein JM. Measurement in physical therapy. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1985. https://doi.org/10.1016/0268-0033(87)90074-X
  54. Baltzopoulos V, Brodie DA. Isokinetic Dynamometry: Applications and Limitations. Sports Med. 1989;8:101-116.  https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-198908020-00003
  55. Marino M, Nicholas JA, Gleim GW, et al. The efficacy of manual assessment of muscle strength using a new device. Am J Sports Med. 1982;10:360-364.  https://doi.org/10.1177/036354658201000608
  56. Wadsworth CT, Krishnan R, Sear M, et al. Intrarater reliability of manual muscle testing and hand-held dynametric muscle testing. Phys Ther. 1987;67:1342-1347. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/67.9.1342
  57. Leisman G, Zenhausern R, Ferentz A, et al. Electromyographic effects of fatigue and task repetition on the validity of estimates of strong and weak muscles in applied kinesiological muscle-testing procedures. Percept Mot Skills. 1995;80:963-977.  https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1995.80.3.963
  58. Rosenbaum R. Carpal tunnel syndrome and the myth of El Dorado. Muscle & Nerve. 1999;22:1165-1167. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4598(199909)22:9<1165::aid-mus1>3.0.co;2-1

Email Confirmation

An email was sent to test@gmail.com with a confirmation link. Follow the link from the letter to complete the registration on the site.

Email Confirmation

We use cооkies to improve the performance of the site. By staying on our site, you agree to the terms of use of cооkies. To view our Privacy and Cookie Policy, please. click here.