The issue of the importance of early diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and its effect on obstetric and perinatal complications is widely discussed in the world, and this topic is not covered in the Russian literature.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

Was to determine the prognostic significance of diagnosing early and late GDM for reducing the risk of developing obstetric and perinatal complications.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The study included 82 pregnant women with GDM and their 82 newborns. Depending on the gestation period of pregnancy at the time of hyperglycemia detection, pregnant women were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 included 60 pregnant women with GDM diagnosed before 24 weeks of gestation — early GDM; Group 2 included 22 pregnant women with GDM diagnosed at 24—28 (maximum 32) weeks — late GDM.

RESULTS

The study obtained a statistical difference in the groups of early and late GDM in terms of the initiation of insulin therapy and insulin doses, and no statistically significant difference was obtained in the incidence of pregnancy complications and perinatal outcomes. It should be emphasized that all patients were closely monitored, received recommendations for nutritional correction and the administration of timely insulin therapy in the absence of GDM compensation with strict adherence to the diet. According to the authors, this explains the absence of this statistically significant difference in the groups.

CONCLUSION

The «gold standard» in the treatment of pregnant women with GDM is lifestyle modification (diet, physical activity), and in the absence of normal blood glucose level at diet — the administration of insulin therapy at any stage of pregnancy. Patients with early GDM should be closely monitored and receive timely treatment, and lifestyle changes should continue in the postpartum period, since patients with GDM are at high risk of developing obstetric complications, as well as the risk of developing type 2 diabetes..