Objective — to comparatively analyze the indicators of mucosal immunity and lower reproductive tract microbiocenosis in women using vaginally α-tocopherol, retinol acetate, and ascorbic acid. Subject and methods. Intravaginal therapy with vitamins A, C, and E was performed in three female groups (24 patients each) with deficiency of these vitamins. A control group consisted of 12 patients with normal levels of the above vitamins. Vaginal microbiocenosis and mucosal immunity were analyzed using microscopic and bacteriological examinations and enzyme immunoassay. Results. Vitamin deficiency states were shown to be accompanied by abnormal changes in local mucosal immunity and lower reproductive tract microbiocenosis in the women. The impact of intravaginal application of α-tocopherol, retinol acetate, and ascorbic acid on the microenvironmental status of vaginal biotope was comparatively analyzed. Conclusion. The most promising action is produced by α-tocopherol, as the latter exerts the persistent therapeutic effect that is manifested as increased contamination by lactic acid bacilli and suppressed growth of the opportunistic microflora and is followed by an anti-inflammatory tendency towards cytokine balance. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.