Seventy-eight patients with pelviperitonitis (19 with purulent forms of inflammatory diseases of the small pelvic organs and 59 without signs of a purulent process) aged 16 to 59 years were examined to determine the prognostic value of interleukins and acute-phase response proteins in order to identify groups at risk of the complicated course of the inflammatory process. The concentrations of monocyte chemotactic protein, interleukins (IL)-1, -6 (IL-6), and -8 receptor antagonists, α1-antitrypsin (α1-AT), α2-macroglobulin, α1-glycoprotein (α1-GP), and C-reactive protein were measured using an enzyme immunoassay on days 1-3 after admission. The determination of α1-AT, IL-6, and α1-GP was found to be of high importance in predicting the complicated course of an inflammatory process in patients with inflammatory diseases of the small pelvic organs, which makes it possible to choose adequate treatment policy and to reduce the number of patients with purulent complications.