Since June 1, 2013, Russia has been executing Federal Law No. 15-FZ of February 23, 2013 «On the Protection of Citizens’ Health from Exposure to Second-Hand Tobacco Smoke and Consequences of Tobacco Consumption», most provisions of which have been implemented since June 1, 2014. The Law provides systematic monitoring and evaluation of the efficiency of implementing the measures aimed at preventing exposure to second-hand tobacco and at reducing tobacco consumption. However, before judging the efficiency of the measures laid down in the anti-tobacco law, it should be realized to what extent the law is being executed and how well this is being monitored in the subjects of the Russian Federation. This article provides the results of surveys among the representatives of Regional Health Authorities engaged in the protection of the health of the citizens of the Russian Federation on how they monitor the Federal Law No. 15-FZ measures in the country, the first results of monitoring and the problems available in this area.