Hypertension, the most common worldwide disease long running asymptomatically, by damaging target organs and contributing to the development of cardiovascular events and to the rise in death rates, is the most frequently encountered condition requiring general practitioners' constant observation. In developed countries, prophylactic measures have resulted in significantly reduced deaths from arterial hypertension due to the systematic monitoring of blood pressure, timely drug correction and achievement of its goal level. This monitoring is made by general practitioners or family doctors. Arterial hypertension requires long-term continuous treatment. The promotion of primary, secondary, or tertiary prophylaxis will be able to prevent the occurrence and progression of the disease with evolving cardiovascular events and their higher mortality rates. To do this requires the early detection of hypertension and the lowering and continuous monitoring of blood pressure due to lifestyle modification, drug therapy, and a qualitative medical observation. All these measures should be implemented by primary health care specialists.